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ðÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ ÐÁÔÞÅÊ ÄÌÑ ÐÁËÅÔÏ× Debian GNU/Linux
ðÒÉ ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÏ×ÅÎÉÉ ÖÅÌÁÎÉÑ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÍÅÊÎÔÅÊÎÅÒÕ ÐÁËÅÔÁ Debian
×ÏÚÎÉËÁÅÔ ×ÏÐÒÏÓ, ËÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ËÏÄ ÐÁËÅÔÁ É ËÁË ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ ÐÁÔÞ.

1. ðÏÌÕÞÁÅÍ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÀÀ ×ÅÒÓÉÀ ÐÁËÅÔÁ Ó ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÍ ËÏÄÏÍ É ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÍ
ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ ÄÌÑ ÅÇÏ ÓÂÏÒËÉ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ.

ïÄÎÉÍ ÉÚ ÍÅÔÏÄÏ× Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ  dget, ×ÈÏÄÑÝÅÊ × ÓÏÓÔÁ× ÐÁËÅÔÁ
devscripts, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÎÁÐÒÑÍÕÀ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØ ÐÁËÅÔ Ó ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÍ ËÏÄÏÍ ÐÏ URL,
ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × dsc-ÆÁÊÌÅ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØ ÉÚ ÓÉÓÅÔÍÙ ÔÒÅËÉÎÇÁ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×.

åÓÌÉ ÐÏÐÙÔÁÔØÓÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ  apt-get, ×ÒÅÍÅÎÁÍÉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×Ù×ÅÄÅÎÏ
ÐÒÅÄÕÐÒÅÖÄÅÎÉÅ, ÞÔÏ ÐÁËÅÔ ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÑÍÉ:

   $ apt-get source wordpress
   [...]
   NOTICE: 'wordpress' packaging is maintained in the 'Git' version control system at:
   git://git.debian.org/git/collab-maint/wordpress.git
   [...]

÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÕ debcheckout ÄÌÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ËÏÄÁ
ÎÁÐÒÑÍÕÀ ÉÚ ÒÅÐÏÚÉÔÏÒÉÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÑÍÉ:

   $ debcheckout wordpress
   declared git repository at git://git.debian.org/git/collab-maint/wordpress.git
   git clone git://git.debian.org/git/collab-maint/wordpress.git wordpress ...
   Cloning into wordpress...

äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÍÅÔÁ-ÐÁËÅÔ packaging-dev, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ
ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÐÏ×ÌÅÞÅÔ ÚÁ ÓÏÂÏÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ ÎÁÂÏÒÏ× ÉÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔÏ×, ÐÏÌÅÚÎÙÈ ÄÌÑ
ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ× ÐÁËÅÔÏ×.


2. ÷ÎÅÓÅÎÉÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ.

äÌÑ ÆÉËÓÁÃÉÉ ÆÁËÔÁ ÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÎÁÄ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÉÅÍ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÐÁËÅÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ,
ÎÅ Ñ×ÌÑÀÝÉÍÓÑ ÍÅÊÎÔÅÊÎÅÒÏÍ, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ (NMU = Non Maintainer Upload):

   $ dch --nmu

üÔÏÔ ÛÁÇ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔ ÇÁÒÁÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÓÂÏÒËÉ ÐÁËÅÔÁ ÍÙ ÎÅ ÐÅÒÅÔÒÅÍ
ÚÁÇÒÕÖÅÎÎÙÊ ÒÁÎÅÅ ÏÒÉÇÉÎÁÌØÎÙÊ ÐÁËÅÔ Ó ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÍÉ ÔÅËÓÔÁÍÉ.


2.1. éÚÍÅÎÑÅÍ ÓÌÕÖÅÂÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÐÁËÅÔÁ.

úÁÈÏÄÉÍ × ÐÏÄÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÀ debian É ÐÒÁ×ÉÍ ÐÒÉ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÎÕÖÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ.
÷ÎÅÓÅÎÎÙÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÏÔÒÁÖÁÅÍ ÐÕÔÅÍ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ dch (ÅÓÌÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ
ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÕ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÒÁÚ).


2.2. éÚÍÅÎÑÅÍ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÏÒÉÇÉÎÁÌØÎÏÊ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ, ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÍÏÊ × ÐÁËÅÔÅ.

ðÒÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ× upstream-ÐÒÏÅËÔÁ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ËÁËÏÊ ÉÚ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÏ×
ÚÁÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎ × ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÍ ÐÁËÅÔÅ Ó ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÍÉ ÔÅËÓÔÁÍÉ ("1.0, "3.0 (quilt)"
ÉÌÉ "3.0 (native)", ÒÁÚÎÉÃÁ Ó×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ Ë ÆÏÒÍÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÂÏÌØÛÏÇÏ ÐÁÔÞÁ ÉÌÉ
ÒÁÚÍÅÝÅÎÉÉ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÐÁÔÞÁ × ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ), Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÔÉÐ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÐÁÔÞÅÊ (ÍÏÖÎÏ
ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉ× what-patch). ÷ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÚÁÍÅÔËÅ ÒÁÓÓÍÁÔÒÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÑ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁ  "3.0 (quilt)" (ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÁÃÉÉ ÂÕÄÕÔ
ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ É ÄÌÑ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁ "1.0", ÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ~/.quiltrc ×
ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÉ Ó ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÅÊ /usr/share/doc/quilt/README.source)

ðÒÉÍÅÎÑÅÍ × ËÏÄÕ ÏÒÉÇÉÎÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÅËÔÁ ×ÓÅ ÐÁÔÞÉ, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉ×:

   $ quilt push -a

åÓÌÉ ÐÁÔÞÅÊ × ÐÁËÅÔÅ ÅÝ£ ÎÅÔ, ÓÏÚÄÁÅÍ ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ ÐÏÄÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÀ debian/patches:

   $ mkdir debian/patches


2.2.1. éÍÐÏÒÔÉÒÕÅÍ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ ÐÁÔÞ.

åÓÌÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÕÖÅ ÏÆÏÒÍÌÅÎÙ × upstream-ÐÒÏÅËÔÅ × ×ÉÄÅ ÐÁÔÞÁ, ÔÏ ÉÍÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÐÁÔÞ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ:

   $ quilt import -P fix-foobar.patch /tmp/patch
   Importing patch /tmp/patch (stored as fix-foobar.patch)

   $ quilt push
   Applying patch fix-foobar.patch
   [...]
   Now at patch fix-foobar.patch

ïÐÃÉÑ "-P" ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ×ÙÂÒÁÔØ ÎÁ Ó×ÏÅ ÕÓÍÏÔÒÅÎÉÅ ÉÍÑ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÁÔÞÁ ×
ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ debian/patches/. ðÏÓÌÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÈ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÊ ÐÁÔÞ ÂÕÄÅÔ
ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ × ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÀ debian/patches/series, ÎÏ ÐÏËÁ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ
ÐÒÉÍÅÎÅÎ Ë ËÏÄÕ.


2.2.1. óÏÚÄÁÅÍ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÐÁÔÞ.

åÓÌÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÅÝÅ ÎÅ ÏÆÏÒÍÌÅÎÙ × ×ÉÄÅ ÐÁÔÞÁ, ÎÕÖÎÏ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ quilt Ï
ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÐÁÔÞ:

   $ quilt new fix-foobar.patch
   Patch fix-foobar.patch is now on top

äÁÌÅÅ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍ ×ÓÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÙ × ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÅ ÎÁÛÅÊ
ÄÅÑÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ. äÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÅÍÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÍ "quilt add", ÐÏÓÌÅ ÞÅÇÏ
quilt ÓÏÚÄÁÓÔ ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÒÅÚÅÒ×ÎÕÀ ËÏÐÉÀ, ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ÏÃÅÎËÉ
ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ Ó ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ × ÐÏÓÌÅÄÓÔ×ÉÉ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎ ÐÁÔÞ. ôÅÐÅÒØ ÐÒÁ×ÉÍ ÌÀÂÙÍ
ÕÄÏÂÎÙÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ÎÕÖÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ. åÓÌÉ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÐÌÁÎÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ,
×ÍÅÓÔÏ "quilt add" ÍÏÖÎÏ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ "quilt edit".

   $ quilt edit foobar.c
   File foobar.c added to patch fix-foobar.patch

ðÏÓÌÅ ÔÏÇÏ ËÁË ×ÓÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÙ, ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÕÅÍ ÐÁÔÞ:

   $ quilt refresh
   Refreshed patch fix-foobar.patch

3. ôÅÓÔÉÒÕÅÍ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÎÙÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ

óÏÂÉÒÁÅÍ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÎÙÊ ÐÁËÅÔ:

   $ debuild -us -uc

ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÑÅÍ ÅÇÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÏÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔØ, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×É× × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÞÅÒÅÚ dpkg ÉÌÉ debi.

4. çÅÎÅÒÉÒÕÅÍ ÐÁÔÞ ÄÌÑ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ËÉ ÍÅÊÎÔÅÊÎÅÒÕ.


ðÏÓÌÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÒÁÎÅÅ ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÈ ÛÁÇÏ× × ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔØÓÑ Ä×Á
.dsc-ÆÁÊÌÁ, ÉÚÎÁÞÁÌØÎÙÊ É ÎÏ×ÙÊ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ:

   $ cd ..
   $ ls wordpress_*.dsc
   ../wordpress_3.0.5+dfsg-1.1.dsc
   ../wordpress_3.0.5+dfsg-1.dsc

óÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÁÔÞ ÄÌÑ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ËÉ ÍÅÊÎÔÅÊÎÅÒÕ ÍÏÖÎÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ debdiff:

   $ debdiff wordpress_3.0.5+dfsg-1.dsc wordpress_3.0.5+dfsg-1.1.dsc >/tmp/wp-debdiff

äÌÑ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ËÉ ÐÁÔÞÁ /tmp/wp-debdiff ÍÅÊÎÔÅÊÎÅÒÕ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÕ
bugreport, ÕËÁÚÁ× × ÒÏÌÉ ÔÅÇÁ "patch". äÌÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ËÉ ÍÏÖÎÏ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÕ nmudiff.


åÓÌÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÁ ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÌÁÓØ Ó ËÏÐÉÅÊ ÉÚ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÍÉ ÔÅËÓÔÁÍÉ
(×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÌÉ debcheckout), ÔÏ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ debdiff ÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ diff-ÆÁÊÌ
×ÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÁÍÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ (git diff, svn diff
É Ô.Ð). ÷ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÒÁÓÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ (git,
bzr, mercurial) ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÏÆÏÒÍÉÔØ ×ÓÅ ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ × ×ÉÄÅ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏÇÏ
ÎÁÂÏÒÁ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ. ÷ÍÅÓÔÏ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ËÉ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÐÁÔÞÁ, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ
ÓÅÒÉÀ ÐÁÔÞÅÊ ÉÌÉ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ URL ÎÁ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ × ÐÕÂÌÉÞÎÏÍ ÒÅÐÏÚÉÔÏÒÉÉ.
 
04.07.2011 , éÓÔÏÞÎÉË: http://raphaelhertzog.com/2011/07/0...
ëÌÀÞÉ: debian, patch, packet, dpkg, deb, build / ìÉÃÅÎÚÉÑ: CC-BY
òÁÚÄÅÌ:    ëÏÒÅÎØ / áÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÕ / óÉÓÔÅÍÁ / Linux ÓÐÅÃÉÆÉËÁ / õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ É ÒÁÂÏÔÁ Ó ÐÁËÅÔÁÍÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ × Linux

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