The
utility is used for configuring the channel options of the Cronyx
adapters.
In asynchronous mode, all parameters should be set using the standard
stty(1)
utility.
With
,
it is only possible to set some of them (see below).
Some of the options can be set only on free channels,
that is when the corresponding network interface is in the
down
state in the synchronous mode,
and the terminal device
/dev/tty*
is closed in asynchronous mode.
Other channel options can be changed
``on the fly''
Generally, the channel options are set up during the operating system startup,
for example, from the
/etc/rc
script.
Note that not all options make sense in every particular case,
and an attempt to set some of them may hung up the channel
or the whole adapter.
Information Options
Only one of these options can be specified.
If information option is specified,
will show the corresponding information and will ignore all other options,
except
device
See also the description of the
device
argument.
<none>
This will show settings of the channel.
-a
Print all settings of the channel.
-i
Print interface settings, equal to the output of the
ifconfig(8)
utility.
-m
Print modem signal status.
The description of all signals can be found in any modem documentation.
Only LE signal should be described.
If this signal is ON then the channel is busy.
If it is OFF then the channel is free.
-s
Print brief channel statistics.
This is the generic statistics,
see also the
-x , e , f , t
and
-u
options.
For a description of the output, see below.
This statistics is very useful if something goes wrong.
For example, if all interrupt counters are zero then the device
was configured to use an interrupt that was not registered in the
BIOS for use with the ISA bus.
-x
Print full channel statistics.
This options prints additional counters,
but with less precision than with the
-s
option.
-e
Print brief E1/G703 statistics.
If this option is selected, the
statistics accumulated over the last 15 minutes is printed.
For a description of the output, see below.
-f
Print full E1/G703 statistics.
This option shows all E1/G703 statistics that the
-e
option shows,
plus total statistics for the whole period of time and statistics for
last 24 hours (if available).
For a description of the output, see below.
-t
Print brief E3/T3/STS-1 statistics.
If this option is selected, the
statistics accumulated over the last 15 minutes is printed.
For a description of the output, see below.
-u
Print full E3/T3/STS-1 statistics.
This option shows all E3/T3/STS-1 statistics that the
-t
option shows,
plus total statistics for the whole period of time and statistics for
last 24 hours (if available).
For a description of the output, see below.
-c
Cleans all kind of statistics.
Device Selection
The device is selected using the name of the network interface,
as shown by
ifconfig(8).
The channel number depends on the order the drivers were loaded into the system.
Sometimes people confuse channel number and adapter number because of the
same spelling.
The adapter number appears in the kernel context, while the channel number
is in the configuration context.
<none>
If the device name is omitted,
will print information about all channels of all Cronyx adapters
available in the system.
If some settings need to be made, the device name must be specified.
cx ##
This is the channel name for the Sigma family of Cronyx adapters.
(ISA bus.)
ct ##
This is the channel name for the Tau family of Cronyx adapters.
(ISA bus.)
cp ##
This is the channel name for the Tau-PCI family of Cronyx adapters.
(PCI bus.)
ce ##
This is the channel name for the Tau32-PCI family of Cronyx adapters.
(PCI bus.)
Data Rate Options
value
A non-zero value will set the data rate to a given value
in asynchronous mode,
and will set the data rate and internal clock source of synchronization
in synchronous mode.
A zero value is equivalent to specifying the
extclock
option.
The transmitted data (TxD) are synchronized using the internal on-board timing
generator, the internally generated timing signal is driven on the TXCOUT pin,
and the signal on the TXCIN pin is ignored.
This mode is used for direct
terminal-to-terminal communication, e.g., when connecting two computers together
in synchronous mode with a relatively short cable.
This method should also be
used for testing channels with an external loopback connector.
extclock
Set the external timing clock source for synchronous channels.
External clock mode is the most commonly used method for connecting
external modem hardware.
In this mode,
the external timing signal is received on the TXCIN pin of the connector,
and it is used as a synchronization clock for transmitting data (TxD).
Note: in
extclock
mode, the device cannot determine the value of the external timing clock
since it does not have the built-in clock gauge.
Protocol Options
Note: these option can only be used on a free channel, and they require
specifying the device name.
async
(Only for Sigma family.)
Select the asynchronous protocol (or mode).
In this mode, Cronyx adapters behave as normal serial devices,
and standard serial communications utilities can be used to
work with them.
All asynchronous settings should be set using the standard
serial communications configuration utilities, e.g.,
stty(1).
With
,
it is only possible to set some of them.
Select the synchronous PPP protocol.
PPP parameters can be configured using the
spppcontrol(8)
utility.
Turn on/off transmission of keepalive messages.
This option is used only for synchronous PPP.
If this option is
on
PPP will periodically send ECHO-REQUEST messages.
If it will not receive any ECHO-REPLY messages for
some (definite) period of time it will break the connection.
It is used for tracking the line state.
idle
This mode is reported when using Netgraph.
An actual protocol depends on the type of a connected Netgraph node,
and it cannot be changed with
.
Interface Options
Not all of these options can be set on a busy channel, and not all of them
are applicable to all kinds of adapters/channels.
For all dual-state options,
off
is the default value.
None of these options can be used in the asynchronous mode,
except for the
debug
option.
Set the port type for old Sigma models.
Set the configuration for the adapter.
This option can be used only with Tau/E1
and Tau/G703 adapters, and only if all channels are free.
cfg = A
Two independent E1/G703 channels.
This is the default setting.
cfg = B
(Only for ISA models.)
For Tau/G703 this means one G703 channel and one digital channel.
For Tau/E1, the first physical channel is divided into two subchannels.
One of them goes to the first logical channel, another one goes to the
second physical channel.
Second (logical) channel is the digital channel.
cfg = C
(Only for E1 models.)
In this mode, first
physical channel consists of three data flows.
Two of them go to the two (logical) channels.
The last one goes to the second physical channel.
On newer models (Tau32-PCI, Tau-PCI/2E1 and Tau-PCI/4E1),
this programs the hardware to use a single source of synchronization
and pass all unused (in both channels) timeslots from
one channel to another.
For a detailed description of available configuration modes,
see the adapter documentation.
This option cannot be set on a busy channel.
Turn on/off internal loopback.
This mode is useful for debugging.
When this mode is
on
some data should be sent.
If no interrupts are generated, chances are that
the corresponding IRQ configuration entry in the BIOS
was not switched from
``PCI/ISA PNP
''
to
``Legacy ISA
''
(Only for Tau32-PCI and Tau-PCI/E3.)
Turn on/off remote loopback feature.
This mode is also useful for debugging.
Turn on/off digital phase locked loop mode (DPLL).
When enabled, the receiver
timing clock signal is derived from the received data.
Must be used with the NRZI
encoding to avoid the synchronization loss.
Turn on/off NRZI encoding.
If
off
NRZ encoding is used.
NRZ
The zero bit is transmitted by the zero signal level,
the one bit is transmitted by the positive signal level.
NRZI
The zero bit is transmitted by the change of the signal
level, the one bit is by the constant signal level.
Commonly used with the
dpll = on
option.
(Tau and Tau-PCI only.)
Invert both the transmit and receive clock signals.
(Tau-PCI only.)
Invert the receive clock signals.
(Tau-PCI only.)
Invert the transmit clock signals.
(E1 only.)
In off state the sensitivity is -12 dB.
Turn on/off increasing the E1 receiver's non-linear sensitivity to -30dB.
This allows increasing of the line distance.
(Tau-PCI/T3 and Tau-PCI/STS-1 only.)
Turn on/off adjusting of the transmit signal for a long cable T3/STS-1.
(Tau32-PCI, Tau-PCI/2E1 and Tau-PCI/4E1 only.)
Turn on/off increasing of the E1 receiver's linear sensitivity to -30dB.
This can be used for the interception purposes.
(Tau32-PCI and Tau-PCI E1 family only.)
Turn on/off the so-called
``phony''
mode.
This mode allows
receiving raw CEPT frames from the E1 line.
Raw frames can be accessed, for example, with the raw protocol.
Packets would come at a rate of 500 frames per second
with length
16* N
(for Tau-PCI/E1 model), where
N
is the number of timeslots.
For
Tau-PCI/2E1 and Tau-PCI/4E1,
N
should be equal to 32 regardless of the number of
used timeslots.
(Tau32-PCI, Tau-PCI/2E1 and Tau-PCI/4E1 only.)
Turn on/off unframed mode.
unfram = on
Switch channel to the unframed G.703 mode.
unfram = off
Switch channel to the framed E1 (G.704) mode.
(Tau32-PCI, Tau-PCI/G.703, Tau-PCI/2E1, and
Tau-PCI/4E1 in unframed mode only.)
Turn on/off scrambling of the G.703 data.
(Tau32-PCI and Tau-PCI E1 family only.)
Turn on/off the usage of the 16th timeslot for data transmission.
Normally, the 16th timeslot is used for signalling information
(multiframing CAS).
(E1 only.)
Turn on/off CRC4 superframe mode.
int
Use an internal clock generator for G703 transmitter
(clock master).
rcv
Use the G703 receiver data clock as the transmit clock
(clock slave).
rcv0 , rcv1 , rcv2 , rcv3
Use the G703 receiver clock of the other channel
(E1 models only).
dir = number
(Tau32-PCI, Tau-PCI/2E1 and Tau-PCI/4E1 only.)
Bind a logical channel to a physical channel.
Using this parameter it is possible, for example, to split
physical E1 channel into several logical channels.
ts = interval
(E1 only.)
Set up the list of timeslots for use by the channel.
The timeslots are numbered from 1 to 31,
and are separated by a comma or a minus sign,
giving an interval.
Example:
``ts=1-3,5,17
''
pass = interval
(Tau/E1 only.)
Set up the list of timeslots, translated to the E1 subchannel in
cfg = B
and
cfg = C
configurations.
Turn on/off debug messages.
0
Turn debug messages off.
1
Turn debug messages on, equivalent to the
debug
option of the
ifconfig(8)
utility.
2
High intensive debug messages, for developers only.
EXAMPLES
Set up channel 1 for use with the HDSL modem or any other
synchronous leased-line modem, and PPP/HDLC protocol (for Sigma):
sconfig cx1 ppp extclock
ifconfig cx1 158.250.244.2 158.250.244.1 up
Set up channel 0 of Tau/E1 for use with the Cisco protocol
over the E1 link, with a single virtual connection.
The DLCI number is detected automatically.
Use timeslots 1-10:
sconfig ct0 cisco ts=1-10
ifconfig ct0 158.250.244.2 158.250.244.1 up
Set up channel 0 for the synchronous null-modem link to the nearby computer,
internal clock source, 256000 bits/sec, protocol Cisco/HDLC (for Tau):
sconfig ct0 cisco 256000
ifconfig ct0 200.1.1.1 200.1.1.2 up
Set up channel 1 for the leased line link using the data-only
null-modem cable (or modems like Zelax+ M115).
Synchronous DPLL mode, 128000
bits/sec, protocol PPP/HDLC, NRZI encoding (for Sigma):
This section contains a description of abbreviations used by
while displaying various statistics.
For a description of options related to
statistics, please see above.
Statistics
When running, the driver gathers statistics about the channels, which
can be accessed using the
utility,
or through the
ioctl(2)
call
SERIAL_GETSTAT
Rintr
Total number of receive interrupts.
Tintr
Total number of transmit interrupts.
Mintr
Total number of modem interrupts.
Ibytes
Total bytes received.
Ipkts
Total packets received (for HDLC mode).
Ierrs
Number of receive errors.
Obytes
Total bytes transmitted.
Opkts
Total packets transmitted (for HDLC mode).
Oerrs
Number of transmit errors.
E1/G.703 Statistics
For E1 and G.703 channels, the SNMP-compatible statistics data are gathered
(see RFC 1406).
It can be accessed using the
utility,
or through the
ioctl(2)
call
SERIAL_GETESTAT
Unav (uas
)
Unavailable seconds: receiving all ones, loss of carrier, or loss of
signal.
Degr (dm
)
Degraded minutes: having error rate more than 10E-6, not counting unavailable
and severely errored seconds.
Bpv (bpv
)
HDB3 bipolar violation errors.
Fsyn (fse
)
Frame synchronization errors (E1 only).
CRC (crce
)
CRC4 errors (E1).
RCRC (rcrce
)
Remote CRC4 errors: E-bit counter (E1).
Err (es
)
Errored seconds: any framing errors, or out of frame sync, or any slip events.
Lerr (les
)
Line errored seconds: any BPV.
Sev (ses
)
Severely errored seconds: 832 or more framing errors, or 2048 or more bipolar
violations.
Bur (bes
)
Bursty errored seconds: more than 1 framing error, but not severely errored.
Oof (oofs
)
Severely errored framing seconds: out of frame sync.
Slp (css
)
Controlled slip seconds: any slip buffer overflow or underflow.
E1/G.703 Status
The
utility also prints the E1/G.703 channel status.
The status can have the
following values (non-exclusive):
This utility is a replacement for the
cxconfig
and
ctconfig
utilities that were used in the past with
Fx drivers.
Those two utilities and
are not compatible,
and therefore all scripts using them have to be rewritten.
Moreover,
Linux
and
Fx versions of the
utility are not fully compatible.
All software produced by Cronyx Engineering is thoroughly tested.
But as created by a man, it can contain some bugs.
If you have caught one, try to localize it and send an email with the
description of the bug, and all operations that you have done.
We will try to reproduce the error and fix it.
