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                       Standard C++ Library
             Copyright 1998, Rogue Wave Software, Inc.


NAME
     exception

      - A class that supports logic and runtime errors.



SYNOPSIS
     #include <exception>
     class exception;



DESCRIPTION
     The class exception defines the base class for the types  of
     objects  thrown  as  exceptions by Standard C++ Library com-
     ponents and some expressions. This class is used  to  report
     errors detected during program execution. Users can also use
     these exceptions to report errors in their own programs.



INTERFACE
     class exception {

       public:
         exception () throw();
         exception (const exception&) throw();
         exception& operator= (const exception&) throw();
         virtual ~exception () throw();
         virtual const char* what () const throw();
      };

     class logic_error : public exception {
       public:
         explicit logic_error (const string& what_arg);
      };

     class domain_error : public logic_error {
       public:
         explicit domain_error (const string& what_arg);
      };

     class invalid_argument : public logic_error {
       public:
         explicit invalid_argument (const string& what_arg);
      };

     class length_error : public logic_error {
       public:
         explicit length_error (const string& what_arg);
      };


     class out_of_range : public logic_error {
       public:
         explicit out_of_range (const string& what_arg);
      };

     class runtime_error : public exception {
       public:
         explicit runtime_error (const string& what_arg);
      };

     class range_error : public runtime_error {
       public:
         explicit range_error (const string& what_arg);
      };

     class overflow_error : public runtime_error {
       public:
         explicit overflow_error (const string& what_arg);
      };

     class underflow_error : public runtime_error {
       public:
         explicit underflow_error (const string& what_arg);
      };



CONSTRUCTORS
     exception()
     throw();


        Constructs an object of class exception.



     exception(const exception&)
     throw();


        Copies an exception object.

DESTRUCTORS
     virtual
     ~exception()
     throw();


        Destroys an object of class exception.



OPERATORS
     exception&
     operator=(const exception&)
     throw();


        Copies an exception object.



MEMBER FUNCTIONS
     virtual const char*
     what()const
     throw();


        Returns an implementation-defined,  null-terminated  byte
        string  representing  a human-readable message describing
        the exception. The message may be a null-terminated  mul-
        tibyte  string,  suitable for conversion and display as a
        wstring.



CONSTRUCTORS FOR DERIVED CLASSES
     logic_error::logic_error(const string& what_arg);


        Constructs an object of class logic_error.



     domain_error::domain_error(const string& what_arg);


        Constructs an object of class domain_error.

     invalid_argument::invalid_argument(const string& what_arg);


        Constructs an object of class invalid_argument.



     length_error::length_error(const string& what_arg);


        Constructs an object of class length_error.



     out_of_range::out_of_range(const string& what_arg);


        Constructs an object of class out_of_range.



     runtime_error::runtime_error(const string& what_arg);


        Constructs an object of class runtime_error.



     range_error::range_error(const string& what_arg);


        Constructs an object of class range_error.



     overflow_error::overflow_error(const string& what_arg);


        Constructs an object of class overflow_error.



     underflow_error::underflow_error(
                        const string& what_arg);


        Constructs an object of class underflow_error.



EXAMPLE
       //
       // except.cpp
       //
       #include <iostream>
       #include <stdexcept>
      using namespace std;

      static void f() { throw runtime_error("a runtime error"); }

      int main ()
       {
          //
          // By wrapping the body of main in a try-catch block
          // we can be assured that we'll catch all exceptions
          // in the exception hierarchy. You can simply catch
          // exception as is done below, or you can catch each
          // of the exceptions in which you have an interest.
          //
         try
          {
             f();
          }
         catch (const exception& e)
          {
             cout << "Got an exception: " << e.what() << endl;
          }
         return 0;
       }

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