Проект OpenNet: MAN smuser (1) Команды и прикладные программы пользовательского уровня (FreeBSD и Linux)

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smuser (1)

>> smuser (1) ( Solaris man: Команды и прикладные программы пользовательского уровня )

NAME

smuser - manage user entries

SYNOPSIS

/usr/sadm/bin/smuser subcommand [ auth_args] -- [subcommand_args]

DESCRIPTION

The smuser command manages one or more user entries in the local /etc filesystem or a NIS or NIS+ target name service.

subcommands

smuser subcommands are:

add Adds a new user entry to the appropriate files. You can use a template and input file instead of supplying the additional command line options. If you use a template and command line options, the command line options take precedence and override any conflicting template values. To add an entry, the administrator must have the solaris.admin.usermgr.write authorization.

delete Deletes one or more user entries from the appropriate files. To delete an entry, the administrator must have the solaris.admin.usermgr.write authorization. Note: You cannot delete the system accounts with IDs less than 100, or 60001, 60002, or 65534.

list Lists one more user entries from the appropriate files. To list entries, the administrator must have the solaris.admin.usermgr.read authorization.

modify Modifies a user entry in the appropriate files. To modify an entry, the administrator must have the solaris.admin.usermgr.write authorization.

OPTIONS

The smuser authentication arguments, auth_args, are derived from the smc(1M) arg set and are the same regardless of which subcommand you use. The smuser command requires the Solaris Management Console to be initialized for the command to succeed (see smc(1M)). After rebooting the Solaris Management Console server, the first Solaris Management Console connection might time out, so you might need to retry the command.

The subcommand-specific options, subcommand_args, must come after the auth_args and must be separated from them by the -- option.

auth_args

The valid auth_args are -D, -H, -l, -p, -r, and -u are described below. They are all optional. These options are a subset of the full complement of supported options described in smc(1M).

If no auth_args are specified, certain defaults will be assumed and the user may be prompted for additional information, such as a password for authentication purposes. These letter options can also be specified by their equivalent option words preceded by a double dash. For example, you can use either -D or --domain with the domain argument.

-D | --domain domain

Specifies the default domain that you want to manage. The syntax of domain is type:/host_name/domain_name, where type is nis, nisplus, dns, ldap, or file; host_name is the name of the machine that serves the domain; and domain_name is the name of the domain you want to manage. (Note: Do not use nis+ for nisplus.)

If you do not specify this option, the Solaris Management Console assumes the file default domain on whatever server you choose to manage, meaning that changes are local to the server. Toolboxes can change the domain on a tool-by-tool basis; this option specifies the domain for all other tools.

-H | --hostname host_name:port

Specifies the host_name and port to which you want to connect. If you do not specify a port, the system connects to the default port, 898. If you do not specify host_name:port, the Solaris Management Console connects to the local host on port 898. You may still have to choose a toolbox to load into the console. To override this behavior, use the smc(1M) -B option, or set your console preferences to load a "home toolbox" by default.

-l | --rolepassword role_password

Specifies the password for the role_name. If you specify a role_name but do not specify a role_password, the system prompts you to supply a role_password. Passwords specified on the command line can be seen by any user on the system, hence this option is considered insecure.

-p | --password password

Specifies the password for the user_name. If you do not specify a password, the system prompts you for one. Passwords specified on the command line can be seen by any user on the system, hence this option is considered insecure.

-r | --rolename role_name

Specifies a role name for authentication. If you do not specify this option, no role is assumed.

-u | --username user_name

Specifies the user name for authentication. If you do not specify this option, the user identity running the console process is assumed.

This option is required and must always follow the preceding options. If you do not enter the preceding options, you must still enter the -- option.

subcommand_args

Note: Descriptions and other arg options that contain whitespace must be enclosed in double quotes.

To add or change privileges, the administrator must have the solaris.admin.privilege.write authorization. See privileges(5).

* For subcommand add:

-c comment

(Optional) Includes a short description of the login, which is typically the user's name. Consists of a string of up to 256 printable characters, excluding the colon (:).

-d dir

(Optional) Specifies the home directory of the new user, limited to 1024 characters.

-e ddmmyyyy

(Optional) Specifies the expiration date for a login. After this date, no user can access this login. This option is useful for creating temporary logins. Specify a null value (" ") to indicate that the login is always valid. The administrator must have the solaris.admin.usermgr.pswd authorization.

-f inactive

(Optional) Specifies the maximum number of days allowed between uses of a login ID before that ID is declared invalid. Normal values are positive integers. Enter zero to indicate that the login account is always active.

-F full_name

(Optional) Specifies the full, descriptive name of the user. The full_name must be unique within a domain and can contain alphanumeric characters and spaces. If you use spaces, you must enclose the full_name in double quotes.

-g group

(Optional) Specifies the new user's primary group membership in the system group database with an existing group's integer ID.

-G group1 -G group2 . . .

(Optional) Specifies the new user's supplementary group membership in the system group database with the character string names of one or more existing groups. Duplicates of groups specified with the -g and -G options are ignored.

-h

(Optional) Displays the command's usage statement.

-n login

Specifies the new user's login name. The login name must be unique within a domain, contain 2-32 alphanumeric characters, begin with a letter, and contain at least one lowercase letter.

-P password

(Optional) Specifies up to an eight-character password assigned to the user account. Note: When you specify a password, you type the password in plain text. Specifying a password using this method introduces a security gap while the command is running. To set the password, the administrator must have the solaris.admin.usermgr.pswd authorization.

-s shell

(Optional) Specifies the full pathname (limited to 1024 characters) of the program used as the user's shell on login. Valid entries are a user-defined shell, /bin/csh (C shell), bin/ksh (Korn shell), and the default, /bin/sh (Bourne shell).

-t template

(Optional) Specifies a template, created using the User Manager tool, that contains a set of pre-defined user attributes. You may have entered a name service server in the template. However, when a user is actually added with this template, if a name service is unavailable, the user's local server will be used for both the Home Directory Server and Mail Server.

-u uid

(Optional) Specifies the user ID of the user you want to add. If you do not specify this option, the system assigns the next available unique user ID greater than 100.

-x autohome=Y|N

(Optional) Sets the home directory to automount if set to Y. The user's home directory path in the password entry is set to /home/login name.

-x mail=mail_server

(Optional) Specifies the host name of the user's mail server, and creates a mail file on the server. Users created in a local scope must have a mail server created on their local machines.

-x perm=home_perm

(Optional) Sets the permissions on the user's home directory. perm is interpreted as an octal number, and the default is 0775.

-x pwmax=days

(Optional) Specifies the maximum number of days that the user's password is valid. The administrator must have the solaris.admin.usermgr.pswd authorization.

-x pwmin=days

(Optional) Specifies the minimum number of days between user password changes. The administrator must have the solaris.admin.usermgr.pswd authorization.

-x pwwarn=days

(Optional) Specifies the number of days relative to pwmax that the user is warned about password expiration prior to the password expiring. The administrator must have the solaris.admin.usermgr.pswd authorization.

-x serv=homedir_server

(Optional) Specifies the name of the server where the user's home directory resides. Users created in a local scope must have their home directory server created on their local machines.

-M limit_privs

Specifies the privilege name(s) to add to the new user_attr(4) entry. The default is all for limit privilege.

To add or change privileges, the administrator must have the solaris.admin.privilege.write authorization. See privileges(5).

-D default_privs

Specifies the default privilege name(s) to add to the new user_attr(4) entry.

The following options to the add subcommand are available only if a system is configured with Solaris Trusted Extensions. See "Using Options that Require Solaris Trusted Extensions," below.

-x clear=clearanceval

(Optional) Specifies the role's clearance. clearanceval can be a string value or a hex value. If this option is not specified, the default is the user's system default clearance. To set the clearance, the administrator must have the solaris.admin.usermgr.labels authorization.

-x idlecmd=LOGOUT|LOCK

Specifies the command to execute if the system has been idled. If LOGOUT is specified, idlecmd=logout will be recorded in user_attr. If LOCK is specified, idlecmd=lock will be recorded in user_attr. If this option is not specified, the default is the IDLECMD in the /etc/security/policy.conf file.

-x idletime=minutes

(Optional) Specifies the number of minutes before the specified idle command gets executed. Any integer value in the range from 1 to 120 is valid. This value is recorded in user_attr as idletime=val. If this option is not specified, the default is the IDLETIME in the /etc/security/policy.conf file.

-x label=labelval

(Optional) Specifies the user's minimum label. labelval can be a string label or a hex label. If this option is not specified, the default is the user's system default minimum label. To set the minimum label, the administrator must have the solaris.admin.usermgr.labels authorization.

-x labelview=HIDE|SHOW

(Optional) Specifies the second part of the labelview key-value pair. If SHOW is specified, labelview=*showsl will be recorded. If HIDE is specified, labelview=*hidesl will be recorded. The asterisk portion can be replaced by "internal,", "external,", or ""(null). If this option is not specified, the default is the LABELVIEW in the /etc/security/policy.conf file.

-x lock=Y|N

(Optional) Specifies if an account is locked after a specified number of failed logins. This value is recorded in user_attr as lock_after_retries. If this option is not specified, the default is the LOCK_AFTER_RETRIES in the /etc/security/policy.conf file.

-x view=INTERNAL|EXTERNAL|DEFAULT

(Optional) Specifies the label view type for the labelview in user_attr. If INTERNAL is specified, labelview=internal will be recorded; if EXTERNAL is specified, labelview=external will be recorded; if DEFAULT is specified, nothing will be recorded in user_attr. If this option is not specified, the default action, that nothing gets recorded in user_attr, is in effect.

* For subcommand delete:

-h

(Optional) Displays the command's usage statement.

-n login1

Specifies the login name of the user you want to delete.

-n login2 . . .

(Optional) Specifies the additional login name(s) of the user(s) you want to delete.

* For subcommand list:

-h

(Optional) Displays the command's usage statement.

-l

Displays the output for each user in a block of key:value pairs (for example, user name:root) followed by a blank line to delimit each user block. Each key:value pair is displayed on a separate line. The keys are: autohome setup, comment, days to warn, full name,home directory, home directory permissions, login shell, mail server, max days change, max days inactive, min days change, password expires, password type, primary group, rights, roles, secondary groups, server, user ID (UID), and user name.

-n login1

Specifies the login name of the user you want to list.

-n login2 . . .

(Optional) Specifies the additional login name(s) of the user(s) you want to list.

* For subcommand modify:

-a addrole1 -a addrole2 . . .

(Optional) Specifies the role(s) to add to the user account. To assign a role to a user, the administrator must have the solaris.role.assign authorization or must have the solaris.role.delegate authorization and be a member of each of the roles specified.

-c comment

(Optional) Describes the changes you made to the user account. Consists of a string of up to 256 printable characters, excluding the colon (:).

-d description

(Optional) Specifies the user's home directory, limited to 1024 characters.

-e ddmmyyyy

(Optional) Specifies the expiration date for a login in a format appropriate to the locale. After this date, no user can access this login. This option is useful for creating temporary logins. Specify a null value (" ") to indicate that the login is always valid.

-f inactive

(Optional) Specifies the maximum number of days allowed between uses of a login ID before the ID is declared invalid. Normal values are positive integers. Specify zero to indicate that the login account is always active.

-F full_name

-g group

(Optional) Specifies the new user's primary group membership in the system group database with an existing group's integer ID.

-G group1 -G group2 . . .

-h

(Optional) Displays the command's usage statement.

-n name

Specifies the user's current login name.

-N new_name

(Optional) Specifies the user's new login name. The login name must be unique within a domain, contain 2-32 alphanumeric characters, begin with a letter, and contain at least one lowercase letter.

-p addprof1 -p addprof2 . . .

(Optional) Specifies the profile(s) to add to the user account. To assign a profile to a user, the administrator must have the solaris.profmgr.assign or solaris.profmgr.delegate authorization.

-P password

(Optional) Specifies up to an eight-character password assigned to the user account.

When you specify a password, you type the password in plain text. Specifying a password using this method introduces a security gap while the command is running.

-q delprof1 -q delprof2 . . .

(Optional) Specifies the profile(s) to delete from the user account.

-r delrole1 -r delrole2 . . .

(Optional) Specifies the role(s) to delete from the user account.

-s shell

-x autohome=Y|N

(Optional) Sets up the home directory to automount if set to Y. The user's home directory path in the password entry is set to /home/login name.

-x pwmax=days

(Optional) Specifies the maximum number of days that the user's password is valid.

-x pwmin=days

(Optional) Specifies the minimum number of days between password changes.

-x pwwarn=days

(Optional) Specifies the number of days relative to pwmax that the user is warned about password expiration before the password expires.

-M limit_privs

Specifies the privilege name(s) to modify in the user_attr(4) entry. The default is all for limit privilege.

To add or change privileges, the administrator must have the solaris.admin.privilege.write authorization. See privileges(5).

-D default_privs

Specifies the default privilege name(s) to modify in the user_attr(4) entry.

The following options to the modify subcommand are available only if a system is configured with Solaris Trusted Extensions. See "Using Options that Require Solaris Trusted Extensions," below.

-x clear=clearanceval

-x idlecmd=LOGOUT|LOCK

-x idletime=minutes

-x label=labelval

-x labelview=HIDE|SHOW

-x lock=Y|N

-x view=INTERNAL|EXTERNAL|DEFAULT

Using Options that Require Solaris Trusted Extensions

To use an option that requires the Solaris Trusted Extensions feature, you must use the -B toolbox option to specify a toolbox that contains support for Trusted Extensions. For example:

# smuser add -H myhost -p mypasswd -x idlecmd=LOGOUT \
-B http://<server>/toolboxes/tsol_files.tbx

In the command above, <server> is the name of the machine running the Solaris Management Console. See smc(1M) for a description of the -B option.

EXAMPLES

Example 1: Creating a New User Account

The following creates a new user account on the local file system. The account name is user1, and the full name is Joe Smith. The comment field verifies that the account is for Joe Smith. The system will assign the next available user ID greater than 100 to this account. There is no password set for this account, so when Joe Smith logs in for the first time, he will be prompted to enter a password.

./smuser add -H myhost -p mypasswd -u root -- -F "Joe Smith" \ 
             -n user1 -c "Joe's account"

Example 2: Deleting a User Account

The following deletes the user1 account from the local file system:

./smuser delete -H myhost -p mypasswd -u root -- -n user1

Example 3: Listing All User Accounts

The following lists all user accounts on the local file system in summary form:

./smuser list -H myhost -p mypasswd -u root --

Example 4: Modifying a User Account

The following modifies the user1 account to default to a Korn shell, and assigns the account to the qa_group secondary group.

./smuser modify -H myhost -p mypasswd -u root -- -n user1 \
             -s /bin/ksh -G qa_group

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

See environ(5) for a description of the JAVA_HOME environment variable, which affects the execution of the smuser command. If this environment variable is not specified, the /usr/java location is used. See smc(1M).