Интерактивная система просмотра системных руководств (man-ов)
perltoc (1)
>> perltoc (1) ( Solaris man: Команды и прикладные программы пользовательского уровня )
perltoc (1) ( Разные man: Команды и прикладные программы пользовательского уровня )
NAME
perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
DESCRIPTION
This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of
the Perl documentation set. It is meant to be scanned
quickly or grepped through to locate the proper section
you're looking for.
BASIC DOCUMENTATION
perl - PracticalExtractionandReportLanguage
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
modularity and reusability using innumerable modules,
embeddable and extensible, roll-your-own magic variables
(including multiple simultaneous DBM implementations),
subroutines can now be overridden, autoloaded, and
prototyped, arbitrarily nested data structures and
anonymous functions, object-oriented programming,
compilability into C code or Perl bytecode, support for
light-weight processes (threads), support for
internationalization, localization, and Unicode, lexical
scoping, regular expression enhancements, enhanced
debugger and interactive Perl environment, with
integrated editor support, POSIX 1003.1 compliant
library
AVAILABILITY
ENVIRONMENT
AUTHOR
FILES
SEE ALSO
DIAGNOSTICS
BUGS
NOTES
perlfaq - frequentlyaskedquestionsaboutPerl($Date:1999/05/23
20:38:02 $)" 20:38:02 $)"
DESCRIPTION
perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ, the perlfaq1
manpage: General Questions About Perl, What is Perl?,
Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?,
Which version of Perl should I use?, What are perl4 and
perl5?, What is perl6?, How stable is Perl?, Is Perl
difficult to learn?, How does Perl compare with other
languages like Java, Python, REXX, Scheme, or Tcl?, Can
I do [task] in Perl?, When shouldn't I program in Perl?,
What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?, Is it
a Perl program or a Perl script?, What is a JAPH?, Where
can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?, How can I
convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
(5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language)?, the
perlfaq2 manpage: Obtaining and Learning about Perl,
What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?, How can
I get a binary version of Perl?, I don't have a C
compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?, I
copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but
scripts don't work, I grabbed the sources and tried to
compile but gdbm/dynamic loading/malloc/linking/...
failed. How do I make it work?, What modules and
extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN? What
does CPAN/src/... mean?, Is there an ISO or ANSI
certified version of Perl?, Where can I get information
on Perl?, What are the Perl newsgroups on USENET? Where
do I post questions?, Where should I post source code?,
Perl Books, Perl in Magazines, Perl on the Net: FTP and
WWW Access, What mailing lists are there for perl?,
Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc, Where can I buy a
commercial version of Perl?, Where do I send bug
reports?, What is perl.com?, the perlfaq3 manpage:
Programming Tools, How do I do (anything)?, How can I
use Perl interactively?, Is there a Perl shell?, How do
I debug my Perl programs?, How do I profile my Perl
programs?, How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?,
Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?, Is
there a ctags for Perl?, Is there an IDE or Windows Perl
Editor?, Where can I get Perl macros for vi?, Where can
I get perl-mode for emacs?, How can I use curses with
Perl?, How can I use X or Tk with Perl?, How can I
generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?, What is
undump?, How can I make my Perl program run faster?, How
can I make my Perl program take less memory?, Is it
unsafe to return a pointer to local data?, How can I
free an array or hash so my program shrinks?, How can I
make my CGI script more efficient?, How can I hide the
source for my Perl program?, How can I compile my Perl
program into byte code or C?, How can I compile Perl
into Java?, How can I get `#!perl' to work on [MS-
DOS,NT,...]?, Can I write useful perl programs on the
command line?, Why don't perl one-liners work on my
DOS/Mac/VMS system?, Where can I learn about CGI or Web
programming in Perl?, Where can I learn about object-
oriented Perl programming?, Where can I learn about
linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp], I've read
perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl inmy C
program, what am I doing wrong?, When I tried to run my
script, I got this message. What does itmean?, What's
MakeMaker?, the perlfaq4 manpage: Data Manipulation, Why
am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999)
instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?,
Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?, Does
Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and
floor()? Trig functions?, How do I convert bits into
ints?, Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?, How do
I multiply matrices?, How do I perform an operation on a
series of integers?, How can I output Roman numerals?,
Why aren't my random numbers random?, How do I find the
week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?, How do I find the
current century or millennium?, How can I compare two
dates and find the difference?, How can I take a string
and turn it into epoch seconds?, How can I find the
Julian Day?, How do I find yesterday's date?, Does Perl
have a year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?, How
do I validate input?, How do I unescape a string?, How
do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?, How do I
expand function calls in a string?, How do I find
matching/nesting anything?, How do I reverse a string?,
How do I expand tabs in a string?, How do I reformat a
paragraph?, How can I access/change the first N letters
of a string?, How do I change the Nth occurrence of
something?, How can I count the number of occurrences of
a substring within a string?, How do I capitalize all
the words on one line?, How can I split a [character]
delimited string except when inside[character]? (Comma-
separated files), How do I strip blank space from the
beginning/end of a string?, How do I pad a string with
blanks or pad a number with zeroes?, How do I extract
selected columns from a string?, How do I find the
soundex value of a string?, How can I expand variables
in text strings?, What's wrong with always quoting
"$vars"?, Why don't my <<HERE documents work?, What is
the difference between a list and an array?, What is the
difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?, How can I
remove duplicate elements from a list or array?, How can
I tell whether a list or array contains a certain
element?, How do I compute the difference of two arrays?
How do I compute the intersection of two arrays?, How do
I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?, How do I
find the first array element for which a condition is
true?, How do I handle linked lists?, How do I handle
circular lists?, How do I shuffle an array randomly?,
How do I process/modify each element of an array?, How
do I select a random element from an array?, How do I
permute N elements of a list?, How do I sort an array by
(anything)?, How do I manipulate arrays of bits?, Why
does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?,
How do I process an entire hash?, What happens if I add
or remove keys from a hash while iterating over it?, How
do I look up a hash element by value?, How can I know
how many entries are in a hash?, How do I sort a hash
(optionally by value instead of key)?, How can I always
keep my hash sorted?, What's the difference between
"delete" and "undef" with hashes?, Why don't my tied
hashes make the defined/exists distinction?, How do I
reset an each() operation part-way through?, How can I
get the unique keys from two hashes?, How can I store a
multidimensional array in a DBM file?, How can I make my
hash remember the order I put elements into it?, Why
does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash
create it?, How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C
structure/C++ class/hash or array of hashes or arrays?,
How can I use a reference as a hash key?, How do I
handle binary data correctly?, How do I determine
whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?, How
do I keep persistent data across program calls?, How do
I print out or copy a recursive data structure?, How do
I define methods for every class/object?, How do I
verify a credit card checksum?, How do I pack arrays of
doubles or floats for XS code?, the perlfaq5 manpage:
Files and Formats, How do I flush/unbuffer an output
filehandle? Why must I do this?, How do I change one
line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a line in
the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?,
How do I count the number of lines in a file?, How do I
make a temporary file name?, How can I manipulate
fixed-record-length files?, How can I make a filehandle
local to a subroutine? How do I pass filehandles
between subroutines? How do I make an array of
filehandles?, How can I use a filehandle indirectly?,
How can I set up a footer format to be used with
write()?, How can I write() into a string?, How can I
output my numbers with commas added?, How can I
translate tildes (~) in a filename?, How come when I
open a file read-write it wipes it out?, Why do I
sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use
<*>?, Is there a leak/bug in glob()?, How can I open a
file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?, How can I
reliably rename a file?, How can I lock a file?, Why
can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?, I still don't get
locking. I just want to increment the number in the
file. How can I do this?, How do I randomly update a
binary file?, How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?,
How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?, How do I print
to more than one file at once?, How can I read in an
entire file all at once?, How can I read in a file by
paragraphs?, How can I read a single character from a
file? From the keyboard?, How can I tell whether
there's a character waiting on a filehandle?, How do I
do a `tail -f' in perl?, How do I dup() a filehandle in
Perl?, How do I close a file descriptor by number?, Why
can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
`C:\temp\foo.exe` work?, Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all
the files?, Why does Perl let me delete read-only files?
Why does `-i' clobber protected files? Isn't this a bug
in Perl?, How do I select a random line from a file?,
Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of
lines?, the perlfaq6 manpage: Regexps, How can I hope to
use regular expressions without creating illegible and
unmaintainable code?, I'm having trouble matching over
more than one line. What's wrong?, How can I pull out
lines between two patterns that are themselves on
different lines?, I put a regular expression into $/ but
it didn't work. What's wrong?, How do I substitute case
insensitively on the LHS, but preserving case on the
RHS?, How can I make `\w' match national character
sets?, How can I match a locale-smart version of
`/[a-zA-Z]/'?, How can I quote a variable to use in a
regex?, What is `/o' really for?, How do I use a regular
expression to strip C style comments from a file?, Can I
use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?,
What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I
get around it?, How do I process each word on each
line?, How can I print out a word-frequency or line-
frequency summary?, How can I do approximate matching?,
How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at
once?, Why don't word-boundary searches with `\b' work
for me?, Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program
down?, What good is `\G' in a regular expression?, Are
Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?,
What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?,
How can I match strings with multibyte characters?, How
do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?, the
perlfaq7 manpage: General Perl Language Issues, Can I
get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?, What are all
these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
use them?, Do I always/never have to quote my strings or
use semicolons and commas?, How do I skip some return
values?, How do I temporarily block warnings?, What's an
extension?, Why do Perl operators have different
precedence than C operators?, How do I declare/create a
structure?, How do I create a module?, How do I create a
class?, How can I tell if a variable is tainted?, What's
a closure?, What is variable suicide and how can I
prevent it?, How can I pass/return a {Function,
FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method, Regex}?, How do I
create a static variable?, What's the difference between
dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? Between local()
and my()?, How can I access a dynamic variable while a
similarly named lexical is in scope?, What's the
difference between deep and shallow binding?, Why
doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?, How do I
redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?,
What's the difference between calling a function as &foo
and foo()?, How do I create a switch or case statement?,
How can I catch accesses to undefined
variables/functions/methods?, Why can't a method
included in this same file be found?, How can I find out
my current package?, How can I comment out a large block
of perl code?, How do I clear a package?, How can I use
a variable as a variable name?, the perlfaq8 manpage:
System Interaction, How do I find out which operating
system I'm running under?, How come exec() doesn't
return?, How do I do fancy stuff with the
keyboard/screen/mouse?, How do I print something out in
color?, How do I read just one key without waiting for a
return key?, How do I check whether input is ready on
the keyboard?, How do I clear the screen?, How do I get
the screen size?, How do I ask the user for a password?,
How do I read and write the serial port?, How do I
decode encrypted password files?, How do I start a
process in the background?, How do I trap control
characters/signals?, How do I modify the shadow password
file on a Unix system?, How do I set the time and date?,
How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?, How
can I measure time under a second?, How can I do an
atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling),
Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V
(Solaris)? What does the error message "Protocol not
supported" mean?, How can I call my system's unique C
functions from Perl?, Where do I get the include files
to do ioctl() or syscall()?, Why do setuid perl scripts
complain about kernel problems?, How can I open a pipe
both to and from a command?, Why can't I get the output
of a command with system()?, How can I capture STDERR
from an external command?, Why doesn't open() return an
error when a pipe open fails?, What's wrong with using
backticks in a void context?, How can I call backticks
without shell processing?, Why can't my script read from
STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)?,
How can I convert my shell script to perl?, Can I use
perl to run a telnet or ftp session?, How can I write
expect in Perl?, Is there a way to hide perl's command
line from programs such as "ps"?, I {changed directory,
modified my environment} in a perl script. How come
the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do
I get my changes to be visible?, How do I close a
process's filehandle without waiting for it to
complete?, How do I fork a daemon process?, How do I
make my program run with sh and csh?, How do I find out
if I'm running interactively or not?, How do I timeout a
slow event?, How do I set CPU limits?, How do I avoid
zombies on a Unix system?, How do I use an SQL
database?, How do I make a system() exit on control-C?,
How do I open a file without blocking?, How do I install
a module from CPAN?, What's the difference between
require and use?, How do I keep my own module/library
directory?, How do I add the directory my program lives
in to the module/library search path?, How do I add a
directory to my include path at runtime?, What is
socket.ph and where do I get it?, the perlfaq9 manpage:
Networking, My CGI script runs from the command line but
not the browser. (500 Server Error), How can I get
better error messages from a CGI program?, How do I
remove HTML from a string?, How do I extract URLs?, How
do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I
open a file on another machine?, How do I make a pop-up
menu in HTML?, How do I fetch an HTML file?, How do I
automate an HTML form submission?, How do I decode or
create those %-encodings on the web?, How do I redirect
to another page?, How do I put a password on my web
pages?, How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files
with Perl?, How do I make sure users can't enter values
into a form that cause my CGI script to do bad things?,
How do I parse a mail header?, How do I decode a CGI
form?, How do I check a valid mail address?, How do I
decode a MIME/BASE64 string?, How do I return the user's
mail address?, How do I send mail?, How do I read mail?,
How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?,
How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?,
How do I fetch/put an FTP file?, How can I do RPC in
Perl?
Where to get this document
How to contribute to this document
to the authors
What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems
Credits
Author and Copyright Information
Bundled Distributions
Disclaimer
Changes
23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97,
17/March/97 Version, Initial Release: 11/March/97
perlfaq1 - GeneralQuestionsAboutPerl($Revision:1.23$,$Date:
1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)" 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)"
DESCRIPTION
What is Perl?
Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
Which version of Perl should I use?
What are perl4 and perl5?
What is perl6?
How stable is Perl?
Is Perl difficult to learn?
REXX, Scheme, or Tcl?
How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python,
Can I do [task] in Perl?
When shouldn't I program in Perl?
What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
What is a JAPH?
Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
version (5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language)?
How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq2 - ObtainingandLearningaboutPerl($Revision:1.32$,
$Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $)" $Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09
$)"
DESCRIPTION
What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
How can I get a binary version of Perl?
perl?
I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile
scripts don't work.
I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but
loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
CPAN? What does CPAN/src/... mean?
What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is
Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
Where can I get information on Perl?
questions?
What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post
Where should I post source code?
Perl Books
References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
Perl in Magazines
Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
What mailing lists are there for Perl?
Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
Where do I send bug reports?
What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq3 - ProgrammingTools($Revision:1.38$,$Date:
1999/05/23
16:08:30 $)" 16:08:30 $)"
DESCRIPTION
How do I do (anything)?
How can I use Perl interactively?
Is there a Perl shell?
How do I debug my Perl programs?
How do I profile my Perl programs?
How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
Is there a ctags for Perl?
Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
How can I use curses with Perl?
How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
What is undump?
How can I make my Perl program run faster?
How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
How can I compile Perl into Java?
How can I get `#!perl' to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
Where can I learn about object-
oriented Perl programming?
Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
in my C program, what am I doing wrong?
I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl
it mean?
When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does
What's MakeMaker?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq4 - DataManipulation($Revision:1.49$,$Date:
1999/05/23
20:37:49 $)" 20:37:49 $)"
DESCRIPTION
Data: Numbers
of the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead
Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
floor()? Trig functions?
Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and
How do I convert bits into ints?
Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
How do I multiply matrices?
How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
How can I output Roman numerals?
Why aren't my random numbers random?
Data: Dates
How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
How do I find the current century or millennium?
How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
How can I find the Julian Day?
How do I find yesterday's date?
Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
Data: Strings
How do I validate input?
How do I unescape a string?
How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
How do I expand function calls in a string?
How do I find matching/nesting anything?
How do I reverse a string?
How do I expand tabs in a string?
How do I reformat a paragraph?
How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
within a string?
How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring
How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
inside [character]? (Comma-separated files)
How can I split a [character] delimited string except when
string?
How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a
zeroes?
How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with
How do I extract selected columns from a string?
How do I find the soundex value of a string?
How can I expand variables in text strings?
What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
1. There must be no space after the << part, 2.
There (probably) should be a semicolon at the end,
3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of the
tag
Data: Arrays
What is the difference between a list and an array?
What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
a) If @in is sorted, and you want @out to be
sorted:(this assumes all true values in the array),
b) If you don't know whether @in is sorted:, c) Like
(b), but @in contains only small integers:, d) A way
to do (b) without any loops or greps:, e) Like (d),
but @in contains only small positive integers:
element?
How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain
compute the intersection of two arrays?
How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I
How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
is true?
How do I find the first array element for which a condition
How do I handle linked lists?
How do I handle circular lists?
How do I shuffle an array randomly?
How do I process/modify each element of an array?
How do I select a random element from an array?
How do I permute N elements of a list?
How do I sort an array by (anything)?
How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
How do I process an entire hash?
iterating over it?
What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while
How do I look up a hash element by value?
How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
How can I always keep my hash sorted?
hashes?
What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with
Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
it?
How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into
create it?
Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash
class/hash or array of hashes or arrays?
How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++
How can I use a reference as a hash key?
Data: Misc
How do I handle binary data correctly?
number/whole/integer/float?
How do I determine whether a scalar is a
How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
How do I define methods for every class/object?
How do I verify a credit card checksum?
How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq5 - FilesandFormats($Revision:1.38$,$Date:
1999/05/23
16:08:30 $)" 16:08:30 $)"
DESCRIPTION
this?
How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do
file/insert a line in the middle of a file/append to the
beginning of a file?
How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a
How do I count the number of lines in a file?
How do I make a temporary file name?
How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
pass filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array
of filehandles?
How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I
How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
How can I write() into a string?
How can I output my numbers with commas added?
How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
<*>?
Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use
Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
How can I reliably rename a file?
How can I lock a file?
Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
number in the file. How can I do this?
I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the
How do I randomly update a binary file?
How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
How do I print to more than one file at once?
How can I read in an entire file all at once?
How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
keyboard?
How can I read a single character from a file? From the
filehandle?
How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a
How do I do a `tail -f' in perl?
How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
How do I close a file descriptor by number?
`C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
clobber protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
Why does Perl let me delete read-
only files? Why does `-i'
How do I select a random line from a file?
Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq6 - Regexes($Revision:1.27$,$Date: 1999/05/23
16:08:30 $)
DESCRIPTION
illegible and unmaintainable code?
How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating
Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the
Regex, Different Delimiters
wrong?
I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's
themselves on different lines?
How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are
wrong?
I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's
preserving case on the RHS?
How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS, but
How can I make `\w' match national character sets?
How can I match a locale-smart version of `/[a-zA-Z]/'?
How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
What is `/o' really for?
from a file?
How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments
Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
around it?
What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get
How do I process each word on each line?
summary?
How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency
How can I do approximate matching?
How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
Why don't word-boundary searches with `\b' work for me?
Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
What good is `\G' in a regular expression?
Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq7 - PerlLanguageIssues($Revision:1.28$,$Date:
1999/05/23 20:36:18 $)" 1999/05/23 20:36:18 $)"
DESCRIPTION
Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
when to use them?
What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know
and commas?
Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons
How do I skip some return values?
How do I temporarily block warnings?
What's an extension?
operators?
Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C
How do I declare/create a structure?
How do I create a module?
How do I create a class?
How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
What's a closure?
What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
Method, Regex}?
How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash,
Passing Variables and Functions, Passing
Filehandles, Passing Regexes, Passing Methods
How do I create a static variable?
scoping? Between local() and my()?
What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static)
lexical is in scope?
How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named
What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
foo()?
What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and
How do I create a switch or case statement?
variables/functions/methods?
How can I catch accesses to undefined
Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
How can I find out my current package?
How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
How do I clear a package?
How can I use a variable as a variable name?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq8 - SystemInteraction($Revision:1.39$,$Date:
1999/05/23
18:37:57 $)" 18:37:57 $)"
DESCRIPTION
How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
How come exec() doesn't return?
How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
How do I print something out in color?
How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
How do I clear the screen?
How do I get the screen size?
How do I ask the user for a password?
How do I read and write the serial port?
lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output,
non-blocking input
How do I decode encrypted password files?
How do I start a process in the background?
STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals,
Zombies
How do I trap control characters/signals?
How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
How do I set the time and date?
How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
How can I measure time under a second?
handling)
How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception
What does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)?
How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
How can I call backticks without shell processing?
on Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)?
Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D
How can I convert my shell script to perl?
Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
How can I write expect in Perl?
as "ps"?
Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such
script. How come the change disappeared when I exited the
script? How do I get my changes to be visible?
I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl
Unix
to complete?
How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it
How do I fork a daemon process?
How do I make my program run with sh and csh?
How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
How do I timeout a slow event?
How do I set CPU limits?
How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
How do I use an SQL database?
How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
How do I open a file without blocking?
How do I install a module from CPAN?
What's the difference between require and use?
How do I keep my own module/library directory?
module/library search path?
How do I add the directory my program lives in to the
How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq9 - Networking($Revision:1.26$,$Date: 1999/05/23
16:08:30
$)" $)"
DESCRIPTION
(500 Server Error)
My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser.
How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
How do I remove HTML from a string?
How do I extract URLs?
open a file on another machine?
How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I
How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
How do I fetch an HTML file?
How do I automate an HTML form submission?
How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
How do I redirect to another page?
How do I put a password on my web pages?
How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
cause my CGI script to do bad things?
How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that
How do I parse a mail header?
How do I decode a CGI form?
How do I check a valid mail address?
How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
How do I return the user's mail address?
How do I send mail?
How do I read mail?
How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
How can I do RPC in Perl?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perldelta - what'snewforperlv5.6.0
DESCRIPTION
Core Enhancements
Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
Lexically scoped warning categories
Unicode and UTF-8 support
Support for interpolating named characters
"our" declarations
Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
Improved Perl version numbering system
New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
File and directory handles can be autovivified
open() with more than two arguments
64-bit support
Large file support
Long doubles
"more bits"
Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
`sort $coderef @foo' allowed
File globbing implemented internally
Support for CHECK blocks
POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
Better pseudo-random number generator
Improved `qw//' operator
Better worst-case behavior of hashes
pack() format 'Z' supported
pack() format modifier '!' supported
pack() and unpack() support counted strings
Comments in pack() templates
Weak references
Binary numbers supported
Lvalue subroutines
Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
exists() is supported on subroutine names
exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
Pseudo-hashes work better
Automatic flushing of output buffers
Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
filehandle
Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input
eof() has the same old magic as <>
binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
`-T' filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
Improved diagnostics
Diagnostics follow STDERR
More consistent close-on-exec behavior
syswrite() ease-of-use
Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
Bit operators support full native integer width
Improved security features
More functional bareword prototype (*)
`require' and `do' may be overridden
$^X variables may now have names longer than one character
New variable $^C reflects `-c' switch
New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
Optional Y2K warnings
Modules and Pragmata
Modules
attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant,
charnames, Data::Dumper, DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf,
Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English, Env,
Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob,
File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO,
JPL, lib, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig,
Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select,
podselect, Pod::Usage, pod2usage, Pod::Text and
Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM
Filters
Pragmata
Utility Changes
dprofpp
find2perl
h2xs
perlcc
perldoc
The Perl Debugger
Improved Documentation
perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod,
perldbmfilter.pod, perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod,
perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod,
perlopentut.pod, perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod,
perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
Performance enhancements
Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
Optimized assignments to lexical variables
Faster subroutine calls
delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are
faster
Installation and Configuration Improvements
-Dusethreads means something different
New Configure flags
Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
Long Doubles
-Dusemorebits
-Duselargefiles
installusrbinperl
SOCKS support
`-A' flag
Enhanced Installation Directories
Platform specific changes
Supported platforms
DOS
OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
VMS
Win32
Significant bug fixes
<HANDLE> on empty files
`eval '...'' improvements
All compilation errors are true errors
Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
Behavior of list slices is more consistent
`(\$)' prototype and `$foo{a}'
`goto &sub' and AUTOLOAD
`-bareword' allowed under `use integer'
Failures in DESTROY()
Locale bugs fixed
Memory leaks
Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
Taint failures under `-U'
END blocks and the `-c' switch
Potential to leak DATA filehandles
New or Changed Diagnostics
"%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s,
"my sub" not yet implemented, "our" variable %s
redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s, / cannot
take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be
followed by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type,
/%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, /%s/:
Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class passed
through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s()
called too early to check prototype, %s argument is not
a HASH or ARRAY element, %s argument is not a HASH or
ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a subroutine
name, %s package attribute may clash with future
reserved word: %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be
quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled substitution
pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in
conditional, Binary number >
0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit
vector size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in
prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check filesystem of script
"%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD,
forcing to default, Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine
call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't remove %s: %s,
skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine,
Can't weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:]
unknown, Character class syntax [%s] belongs inside
character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword,
defined(@array) is deprecated, defined(%hash) is
deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you
mean "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no
data, entering effective %s failed, false [] range "%s"
in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for output, flock()
on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff
non-portable, Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-
formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|, Illegal binary
digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number,
Invalid %s attribute: %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s,
invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid separator
character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator
character %s in subroutine attribute list, leaving
effective %s failed, Lvalue subs returning %s not
implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
%sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open,
Missing name in "my sub", No %s specified for -%c, No
package name allowed for variable %s in "our", No space
allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming
local time is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-
portable, panic: del_backref, panic: kid popen errno
read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
around "%s" list, Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs"
is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS" instead, Premature
end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed
memory ignored, Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't
take arguments, Strange *+?{} on zero-length expression,
switching effective %s is not implemented, This Perl
can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't
set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s
block, Unknown open() mode '%s', Unknown process %x sent
message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized escape \\%c
passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in
attribute list, Unterminated attribute list,
Unterminated attribute parameter in subroutine attribute
list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a
constant number
New tests
Incompatible Changes
Perl Source Incompatibilities
CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of
undef has changed
Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different
Literals of the form `1.2.3' parse differently,
Possibly changed pseudo-random number generator,
Hashing function for hash keys has changed, `undef'
fails on read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be
set on pipe and socket handles, Writing `"$$1"' to
mean `"${$}1"' is unsupported, delete(), values()
and `\(%h)' operate on aliases to values, not
copies, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two
BITS, Text of some diagnostic output has changed,
`%@' has been removed, Parenthesized not() behaves
like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
prototype `(*)' have changed
platforms
Semantics of bit operators may have changed on 64-bit
More builtins taint their results
C Source Incompatibilities
`PERL_POLLUTE', `PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT',
`PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC'
Compatible C Source API Changes
`PATCHLEVEL' is now `PERL_VERSION'
Binary Incompatibilities
Known Problems
Thread test failures
EBCDIC platforms not supported
In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
with gcc
Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure
UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
Arrow operator and arrays
Windows 2000
Experimental features
Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue
subroutines, Weak references, The pseudo-hash data
type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of
file globbing, The DB module, The regular expression
constructs `(?{ code })' and `(??{ code })'
Obsolete Diagnostics
Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future
extensions, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in
prime_env_iter, Probable precedence problem on %s,
regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean "${$}<digit>"
is deprecated
Reporting Bugs
SEE ALSO
HISTORY
perldata - Perldatatypes
DESCRIPTION
Variable names
Context
Scalar values
Scalar value constructors
List value constructors
Slices
Typeglobs and Filehandles
SEE ALSO
perlsyn - Perlsyntax
DESCRIPTION
Declarations
Simple statements
Compound statements
Loop Control
For Loops
Foreach Loops
Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
Goto
PODs: Embedded Documentation
Plain Old Comments (Not!)
perlop - Perloperatorsandprecedence
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
The Arrow Operator
Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
Exponentiation
Symbolic Unary Operators
Binding Operators
Multiplicative Operators
Additive Operators
Shift Operators
Named Unary Operators
Relational Operators
Equality Operators
Bitwise And
Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
C-style Logical And
C-style Logical Or
Range Operators
Conditional Operator
Assignment Operators
Comma Operator
List Operators (Rightward)
Logical Not
Logical And
Logical or and Exclusive Or
C Operators Missing From Perl
unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
Quote and Quote-like Operators
Regexp Quote-Like Operators
?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx,
q/STRING/, `'STRING'', qq/STRING/, "STRING",
qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx,
tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cdsUC,
y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cdsUC
Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before
delimiters, Interpolation, `<<'EOF'', `m''', `s'''',
`tr///', `y///', `''', `q//', `""', ```', `qq//',
`qx//', `<file*glob>', `?RE?', `/RE/', `m/RE/',
`s/RE/foo/',, Interpolation of regular expressions,
Optimization of regular expressions
I/O Operators
Constant Folding
Bitwise String Operators
Integer Arithmetic
Floating-point Arithmetic
Bigger Numbers
perlre - Perlregularexpressions
DESCRIPTION
i, m, s, x
Regular Expressions
cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
Extended Patterns
`(?#text)', `(?imsx-imsx)', `(?:pattern)',
`(?imsx-imsx:pattern)', `(?=pattern)',
`(?!pattern)', `(?<=pattern)', `(?<!pattern)', `(?{
code })', `(??{ code })', `(?>pattern)',
`(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)',
`(?(condition)yes-pattern)'
Backtracking
Version 8 Regular Expressions
Warning on \1 vs $1
Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
Combining pieces together
`ST', `S|T', `S{REPEAT_COUNT}', `S{min,max}',
`S{min,max}?', `S?', `S*', `S+', `S??', `S*?',
`S+?', `(?>S)', `(?=S)', `(?<=S)', `(?!S)',
`(?<!S)', `(??{ EXPR })',
`(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)'
Creating custom RE engines
BUGS
SEE ALSO
perlrun - howtoexecutethePerlinterpreter
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
#! and quoting on non-Unix systems
OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
Location of Perl
Command Switches
-0[digits], -a, -C, -c, -d, -d:foo, -Dletters,
-Dnumber, -ecommandline, -Fpattern, -h,
-i[extension], -Idirectory, -l[octnum], -m[-]module,
-M[-]module, -M[-]'module ...', -[mM][-
]module=arg[,arg]..., -n, -p, -P, -s, -S, -T, -u,
-U, -v, -V, -V:name, -w, -W, -X, -xdirectory
ENVIRONMENT
HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB,
PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port),
PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
perlfunc - Perlbuiltinfunctions
DESCRIPTION
Perl Functions by Category
Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular
expressions and pattern matching, Numeric functions,
Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output
functions, Functions for fixed length data or
records, Functions for filehandles, files, or
directories, Keywords related to the control flow of
your perl program, Keywords related to scoping,
Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and
process groups, Keywords related to perl modules,
Keywords related to classes and object-orientedness,
Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
communication functions, Fetching user and group
info, Fetching network info, Time-related functions,
Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted in perl5
Portability
Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
-X FILEHANDLE, -X EXPR, -X, abs VALUE, abs, accept
NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2
Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, binmode FILEHANDLE,
DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod
LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp, chop
VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE,
close, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME,
continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined
EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do
SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump, each
HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval
BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR,
exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock
FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline
PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid,
getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME,
gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME,
getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID,
getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO,
getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent,
sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent
STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent,
getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,
glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR,
goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex
EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index
STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys
HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR,
lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link
OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local
EXPR, localtime EXPR, lock, log EXPR, log, lstat
FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST,
map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME,
msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv
ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my
EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no
Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open
FILEHANDLE,MODE,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open
FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord,
our EXPR, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package, package
NAMESPACE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY,
pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print
LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf
FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST,
q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/,
qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR,
rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE,
readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe
EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL,
redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require
VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset,
return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex
STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar
EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select
RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG,
semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp
PID,PGRP, setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt
SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, shift,
shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread
ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE,
shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep EXPR,
sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL,
socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL,
sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST, sort LIST,
splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice
ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice
ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
/PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf
FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand,
stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR,
study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr
EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr
EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink
OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen
FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread
FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system
PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite
FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, syswrite
FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir
DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied
VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR,
uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef
EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST,
use Module VERSION LIST, use Module VERSION, use
Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid
PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE,
write EXPR, write, y///
perlvar - Perlpredefinedvariables
DESCRIPTION
Predefined Names
$ARG, $_, $<digits>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`,
$POSTMATCH, $', $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @+,
$MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number HANDLE
EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR,
$INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE
EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator
HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR,
$OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR,
$", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
format_page_number HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER,
$%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR,
$FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE
EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @-, `$`' is the same
as `substr($var, 0, $-[0]'), `$&' is the same as
`substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0]'), `$'' is the
same as `substr($var, $+[0]'), `$1' is the same as
`substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])', `$2' is the
same as `substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])', `$3'
is the same as `substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3]'),
format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~,
format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR,
$FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, format_formfeed
HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR,
$^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!,
$EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
$PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
$EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID,
$(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME,
$0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
$SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I,
$^M, $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04,
0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x100, 0x200,
$LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R,
$EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T,
$PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS},
${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV,
@ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG,
$SIG{expr}
Error Indicators
Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
BUGS
perlsub - Perlsubroutines
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Private Variables via my()
Persistent Private Variables
Temporary Values via local()
Lvalue subroutines
Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
When to Still Use local()
1. You need to give a global variable a temporary
value, especially $_, 2. You need to create a local
file or directory handle or a local function, 3.
You want to temporarily change just one element of
an array or hash
Pass by Reference
Prototypes
Constant Functions
Overriding Built-in Functions
Autoloading
Subroutine Attributes
SEE ALSO
perlmod - Perlmodules(packagesandsymboltables)
DESCRIPTION
Packages
Symbol Tables
Package Constructors and Destructors
Perl Classes
Perl Modules
SEE ALSO
perlmodlib - constructingnewPerlmodulesandfindingexistingones
DESCRIPTION
THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
Pragmatic Modules
attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, caller,
charnames, constant, diagnostics, fields, filetest,
integer, less, lib, locale, ops, overload, re,
sigtrap, strict, subs, utf8, vars, warnings
Standard Modules
AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint,
B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Terse, B::Xref,
Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push,
CGI::Switch, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp,
Carp::Heavy, Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB,
DB_File, Data::Dumper, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek,
Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle, Dumpvalue,
DynaLoader, English, Env, Errno, Exporter,
Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Embed,
ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed,
ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin,
ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists,
ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl,
File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare,
File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Glob,
File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions,
File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix,
File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::stat,
FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, GDBM_File,
Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO,
IO::Dir, IO::File, IO::Handle, IO::Pipe, IO::Poll,
IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket,
IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::UNIX, IPC::Msg,
IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, IPC::Semaphore, IPC::SysV,
Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex,
Math::Trig, Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent,
Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, Opcode, POSIX,
Pod::Checker, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects,
Pod::Man, Pod::Parser, Pod::Select, Pod::Text,
Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe,
Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell,
Socket, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog,
Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test,
Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::ParseWords,
Text::Soundex, Text::Wrap, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar,
Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent,
User::pwent
Extension Modules
CPAN
Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development
Support, Operating System Interfaces, Networking, Device
Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication, Data
Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces, User
Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other
Programming Languages, File Names, File Systems and File
Locking (see also File Handles), String Processing,
Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching,
Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File
Processing, Internationalization and Locale,
Authentication, Security, and Encryption, World Wide
Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities,
Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap
Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing, Mail and Usenet
News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions
etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities,
Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia,
Central America, Europe, North America, South America
Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
Guidelines for Module Creation
Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try
to design the new module to be easy to extend and
reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select what to
export, Select a name for the module, Have you got
it right?, README and other Additional Files, A
description of the module/package/extension etc, A
copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites - what
else you may need to have, How to build it -
possible changes to Makefile.PL etc, How to install
it, Recent changes in this release, especially
incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan
to make in the future, Adding a Copyright Notice,
Give the module a version/issue/release number, How
to release and distribute a module, Take care when
changing a released module
Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
There is no requirement to convert anything,
Consider the implications, Make the most of the
opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started,
Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts
package specifiers from ' to ::, Converts die(...)
to croak(...), Several other minor changes
Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl
Module Library, Many applications contain some Perl
code that could be reused, Break-out the reusable
code into one or more separate module files, Take
the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the
interfaces, In some cases the 'application' can then
be reduced to a small
NOTE
perlmodinstall - InstallingCPANModules
DESCRIPTION
PREAMBLE
DECOMPRESS the file, UNPACK the file into a
directory, BUILD the module (sometimes unnecessary),
INSTALL the module
HEY
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
perlfork - Perl'sfork() emulation
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-
processes
$$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other
builtins that accept filenames, wait() and
waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
files, directories and network sockets
Resource limits
Killing the parent process
Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open()
not yet implemented, Global state maintained by
XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger application,
Thread-safety of extensions
BUGS
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
perlform - Perlformats
DESCRIPTION
Format Variables
NOTES
Footers
Accessing Formatting Internals
WARNINGS
perllocale - Perllocalehandling(internationalizationand
localization)" localization)"
DESCRIPTION
PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
USING LOCALES
The use locale pragma
The setlocale function
Finding locales
LOCALE PROBLEMS
Temporarily fixing locale problems
Permanently fixing locale problems
Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
Fixing system locale configuration
The localeconv function
LOCALE CATEGORIES
Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
LC_TIME
Other categories
SECURITY
Comparisonoperators (`lt', `le', `ge', `gt' and
`cmp'):, Case-mappinginterpolation (with `\l', `\L',
`\u' or `\U'), Matchingoperator (`m//'):, Substitutionoperator (`s///'):, Outputformattingfunctions
(printf() and write()):, Case-mappingfunctions (lc(),
lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, POSIXlocale-dependentfunctions (localeconv(), strcoll(),strftime(),
strxfrm()):, POSIXcharacterclasstests (isalnum(),
isalpha(), isdigit(),isgraph(), islower(), isprint(),
ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(), isxdigit()):
ENVIRONMENT
PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE,
LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
NOTES
Backward compatibility
I18N:Collate obsolete
Sort speed and memory use impacts
write() and LC_NUMERIC
Freely available locale definitions
I18n and l10n
An imperfect standard
BUGS
Broken systems
SEE ALSO
HISTORY
perlref - Perlreferencesandnesteddatastructures
NOTE
DESCRIPTION
Making References
Using References
Symbolic references
Not-so-symbolic references
Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
Function Templates
WARNING
SEE ALSO
perlreftut - Mark'sveryshorttutorialaboutreferences
DESCRIPTION
Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
The Solution
Syntax
Making References
Using References
An Example
Arrow Rule
Solution
The Rest
Summary
Credits
Distribution Conditions
perldsc - PerlDataStructuresCookbook
DESCRIPTION
arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes,
hashes of hashes, more elaborate constructs
REFERENCES
COMMON MISTAKES
CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS `use strict'
DEBUGGING
CODE EXAMPLES
ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
HASHES OF ARRAYS
Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
ARRAYS OF HASHES
Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES
Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES
Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES
HASHES OF HASHES
Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
Database Ties
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
perllol - ManipulatingArraysofArraysinPerl
DESCRIPTION
Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
Growing Your Own
Access and Printing
Slices
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
perlboot - Beginner'sObject-OrientedTutorial
DESCRIPTION
If we could talk to the animals...
Introducing the method invocation arrow
Invoking a barnyard
The extra parameter of method invocation
Calling a second method to simplify things
Inheriting the windpipes
A few notes about @ISA
Overriding the methods
Starting the search from a different place
The SUPER way of doing things
Where we're at so far...
A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
Invoking an instance method
Accessing the instance data
How to build a horse
Inheriting the constructor
Making a method work with either classes or instances
Adding parameters to a method
More interesting instances
A horse of a different color
Summary
SEE ALSO
COPYRIGHT
perltoot - Tom'sobject-orientedtutorialforperl
DESCRIPTION
Creating a Class
Object Representation
Class Interface
Constructors and Instance Methods
Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
Destructors
Other Object Methods
Class Data
Accessing Class Data
Debugging Methods
Class Destructors
Documenting the Interface
Aggregation
Inheritance
Overridden Methods
Multiple Inheritance
UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
Alternate Object Representations
Arrays as Objects
Closures as Objects
AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
Autoloaded Data Methods
Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
Metaclassical Tools
Class::Struct
Data Members as Variables
NOTES
Object Terminology
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
COPYRIGHT
Acknowledgments
perltootc - Tom'sOOTutorialforClassDatainPerl
DESCRIPTION
Class Data as Package Variables
Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
Inheritance Concerns
The Eponymous Meta-Object
Indirect References to Class Data
Monadic Classes
Translucent Attributes
Class Data as Lexical Variables
Privacy and Responsibility
File-Scoped Lexicals
More Inheritance Concerns
Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
Translucency Revisited
NOTES
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
HISTORY
perlobj - Perlobjects
DESCRIPTION
An Object is Simply a Reference
A Class is Simply a Package
A Method is Simply a Subroutine
Method Invocation
WARNING
Default UNIVERSAL methods
isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
Destructors
Summary
Two-Phased Garbage Collection
SEE ALSO
perltie - howtohideanobjectclassinasimplevariable
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Tying Scalars
TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this,
value, DESTROY this
Tying Arrays
TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE
this, index, value, DESTROY this
Tying Hashes
USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST,
FETCH this, key, STORE this, key, value, DELETE
this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this
Tying FileHandles
TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT
this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this, LIST,
READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, DESTROY this
The `untie' Gotcha
SEE ALSO
BUGS
AUTHOR
perlbot - Bag'oObjectTricks(theBOT)
DESCRIPTION
OO SCALING TIPS
INSTANCE VARIABLES
SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
THINKING OF CODE REUSE
CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
DELEGATION
perlipc - Perlinterprocesscommunication(signals,fifos,pipes,
safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)" safe
subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)"
DESCRIPTION
Signals
Named Pipes
WARNING
Using open() for IPC
Filehandles
Background Processes
Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
Safe Pipe Opens
Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
Sockets: Client/Server Communication
Internet Line Terminators
Internet TCP Clients and Servers
Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
TCP Clients with IO::Socket
A Simple Client
`Proto', `PeerAddr', `PeerPort'
A Webget Client
Interactive Client with IO::Socket
TCP Servers with IO::Socket
Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
UDP: Message Passing
SysV IPC
NOTES
BUGS
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
perldbmfilter - PerlDBMFilters
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
filter_store_key, filter_store_value, filter_fetch_key,
filter_fetch_value
The Filter
An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
Another Example -- Key is a C int.
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
perldebug - Perldebugging
DESCRIPTION
The Perl Debugger
Debugger Commands
h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X
[vars], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c
[line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l
subname, -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/,
?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b [line]
[condition], b subname [condition], b postpone
subname [condition], b load filename, b compile
subname, d [line], D, a [line] command, a [line], A,
W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, >
?, > command, >> command, { ?, { [ command ], {{
command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, H
-number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m
expr, man [manpage]
Configurable Options
`recallCommand', `ShellBang', `pager', `tkRunning',
`signalLevel', `warnLevel', `dieLevel', `AutoTrace',
`LineInfo', `inhibit_exit', `PrintRet', `ornaments',
`frame', `maxTraceLen', `arrayDepth', `hashDepth',
`compactDump', `veryCompact', `globPrint',
`DumpDBFiles', `DumpPackages', `DumpReused',
`quote', `HighBit', `undefPrint', `UsageOnly',
`TTY', `noTTY', `ReadLine', `NonStop'
Debugger input/output
Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line
Listing Format, Frame listing
Debugging compile-time statements
Debugger Customization
Readline Support
Editor Support for Debugging
The Perl Profiler
Debugging regular expressions
Debugging memory usage
SEE ALSO
BUGS
perlnumber - semanticsofnumbersandnumericoperationsinPerl
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Storing numbers
Numeric operators and numeric conversions
Flavors of Perl numeric operations
Arithmetic operators except, `no integer', Arithmetic
operators except, `use integer', Bitwise operators, `no
integer', Bitwise operators, `use integer', Operators
which expect an integer, Operators which expect a string
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
perldebguts - GutsofPerldebugging
DESCRIPTION
Debugger Internals
Writing Your Own Debugger
Frame Listing Output Examples
Debugging regular expressions
Compile-time output
`anchored' STRING `at' POS, `floating' STRING `at'
POS1..POS2, `matching floating/anchored', `minlen',
`stclass' TYPE, `noscan', `isall', `GPOS', `plus',
`implicit', `with eval', `anchored(TYPE)'
Types of nodes
Run-time output
Debugging Perl memory usage
Using `$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}'
`buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)',
Free/Used, `Total sbrk(): SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS',
`pad: 0', `heads: 2192', `chain: 0', `tail: 6144'
Example of using -DL switch
`717', `002', `054', `602', `702', `704'
-DL details
`!!!', `!!', `!'
Limitations of -DL statistics
SEE ALSO
perldiag - variousPerldiagnostics
DESCRIPTION
perlsec - Perlsecurity
DESCRIPTION
Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
Switches On the "#!" Line
Cleaning Up Your Path
Security Bugs
Protecting Your Programs
SEE ALSO
perltrap - Perltrapsfortheunwary
DESCRIPTION
Awk Traps
C Traps
Sed Traps
Shell Traps
Perl Traps
Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps,
Parsing Traps, Numerical Traps, General data type
traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps
using s///, etc, Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps,
OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance,
Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance
Parsing Traps
Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
Numerical Traps
Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
General data type traps
(Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs),
(Scalar String), (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable
Suicide)
Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
(list context), (scalar context), (scalar context),
(list, builtin)
Precedence Traps
Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
Precedence, Precedence, Precedence
General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
Expression
Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
(Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you
specify a filehandle
OS Traps
(SysV), (SysV)
Interpolation Traps
Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
DBM Traps
DBM, DBM
Unclassified Traps
`require'/`do' trap using returned value, `split' on
empty string with LIMIT specified
perlport - WritingportablePerl
DESCRIPTION
Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of
Perl already is portable
ISSUES
Newlines
Numbers endianness and Width
Files and Filesystems
System Interaction
Interprocess Communication (IPC)
External Subroutines (XS)
Standard Modules
Time and Date
Character sets and character encoding
Internationalisation
System Resources
Security
Style
CPAN Testers
Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
http://testers.cpan.org/
PLATFORMS
Unix
DOS and Derivatives
Build instructions for OS/2, the perlos2 manpage
Mac OS
VMS
VOS
EBCDIC Platforms
Acorn RISC OS
Other perls
FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
-X FILEHANDLE, -X EXPR, -X, alarm SECONDS, alarm,
binmode FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot
FILENAME, chroot, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose
HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock
FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID,
getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME,
getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO,
getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent,
sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent
STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent,
getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob,
ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR,
lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd
ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open
FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe
READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink,
select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop
KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG,
shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, socketpair
SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat
FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, symlink
OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times,
truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH,
umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST, wait, waitpid
PID,FLAGS
CHANGES
v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20
December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999,
v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April
1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998,
v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35,
13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August
1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
Supported Platforms
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
VERSION
perlstyle - Perlstyleguide
DESCRIPTION
perlpod - plainolddocumentation
DESCRIPTION
Verbatim Paragraph
Command Paragraph
Ordinary Block of Text
The Intent
Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
Common Pod Pitfalls
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
perlbook - Perlbookinformation
DESCRIPTION
perlembed - howtoembedperlinyourCprogram
DESCRIPTION
PREAMBLE
UseCfromPerl?, UseaUnixprogramfromPerl?, UsePerlfromPerl?, UseCfromC?, UsePerlfromC?
ROADMAP
Compiling your C program
Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
program
Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C
Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
Maintaining a persistent interpreter
Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
your C program
Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from
Embedding Perl under Win32
MORAL
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
perlapio - perl'sIOabstractioninterface.
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
PerlIO*, PPeerrllIIOO_ssttddiinn(()), PPeerrllIIOO_ssttddoouutt(()),
PPeerrllIIOO_ssttddeerrrr(()), PerlIO_open(path,mode),
PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode), PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...),
PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a), PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...),
PerlIO_read(f,buf,count), PerlIO_write(f,buf,count),
PPeerrllIIOO_cclloossee(f), PerlIO_puts(f,s), PerlIO_putc(f,c),
PerlIO_ungetc(f,c), PPeerrllIIOO_ggeettcc(f), PPeerrllIIOO_eeooff(f),
PPeerrllIIOO_eerrrroorr(f), PPeerrllIIOO_ffiilleennoo(f), PPeerrllIIOO_cclleeaarreerrrr(f),
PPeerrllIIOO_fflluusshh(f), PPeerrllIIOO_tteellll(f), PerlIO_seek(f,o,w),
PerlIO_getpos(f,p), PerlIO_setpos(f,p),
PPeerrllIIOO_rreewwiinndd(f), PPeerrllIIOO_ttmmppffiillee(())
Co-existence with stdio
PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags),
PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags), PPeerrllIIOO_ffiinnddFFIILLEE(f),
PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f), PPeerrllIIOO_sseettlliinneebbuuff(f),
PPeerrllIIOO_hhaass_ccnnttppttrr(f), PPeerrllIIOO_ggeett_ppttrr(f),
PPeerrllIIOO_ggeett_ccnntt(f), PPeerrllIIOO_ccaannsseett_ccnntt(f),
PPeerrllIIOO_ffaasstt_ggee