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NAME
     passmass - change password on multiple machines

SYNOPSIS
     passmass [ host1 host2 host3 ... ]

INTRODUCTION
     Passmass changes a password on multiple  machines.   If  you
     have accounts on several machines that do not share password
     databases, Passmass can help you  keep  them  all  in  sync.
     This,  in turn, will make it easier to change them more fre-
     quently.

     When Passmass runs, it asks you for the old  and  new  pass-
     words.   (If  you  are  changing  root  passwords  and  have
     equivalencing, the old password is not used and may be omit-
     ted.)

     Passmass understands the  "usual"  conventions.   Additional
     arguments  may  be  used  for tuning.  They affect all hosts
     which follow until another argument overrides it.  For exam-
     ple,  if  you  are  known as "libes" on host1 and host2, but
     "don" on host3, you would say:

          passmass host1 host2 -user don host3

     Arguments are:

          -user
              User whose password will be changed.   By  default,
              the current user is used.


          -rlogin
              Use rlogin to access host.  (default)


          -slogin
              Use slogin to access host.


          -telnet
              Use telnet to access host.


          -program

              Next argument is a program to run to set the  pass-
              word.   Default  is "passwd".  Other common choices
              are "yppasswd" and "set passwd" (e.g., VMS  hosts).
              A  program name such as "password fred" can be used
              to create entries for new  accounts  (when  run  as
              root).


          -prompt
              Next argument is a  prompt  suffix  pattern.   This
              allows the script to know when the shell is prompt-
              ing.  The default is "# " for root  and  "%  "  for
              non-root accounts.


          -timeout
              Next argument is the number of seconds to wait  for
              responses.   Default  is 30 but some systems can be
              much slower logging in.


          -su  Next argument is 1 or 0.  If 1, you are  addition-
              ally  prompted for a root password which is used to
              su after logging in.  root's  password  is  changed
              rather  than  the user's.  This is useful for hosts
              which do not allow root to log in.


HOW TO USE
     The best way to run Passmass is to  put  the  command  in  a
     one-line  shell  script  or  alias.   Whenever you get a new
     account on a new machine, add the appropriate  arguments  to
     the  command.   Then run it whenever you want to change your
     passwords on all the hosts.


CAVEATS
     Using the same password on multiple hosts carries risks.  In
     particular,  if the password can be stolen, then all of your
     accounts are at risk.  Thus, you should not use Passmass  in
     situations  where your password is visible, such as across a
     network which hackers are known to eavesdrop.

     On the other hand, if you have  enough  accounts  with  dif-
     ferent passwords, you may end up writing them down somewhere
     - and that can be a security problem.  Funny story: my  col-
     lege  roommate had an 11"x13" piece of paper on which he had
     listed accounts and passwords all across the Internet.  This
     was  several  years  worth of careful work and he carried it
     with him everywhere he went.  Well one  day,  he  forgot  to
     remove  it  from  his  jeans, and we found a perfectly blank
     sheet of paper when we took out the wash the following day!

SEE ALSO
     "Exploring  Expect:  A  Tcl-Based  Toolkit  for   Automating
     Interactive Programs" by Don Libes, O'Reilly and Associates,
     January 1995.

AUTHOR
     Don Libes, National Institute of Standards and Technology

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