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NAME
mint - Produce syntax and usage report of a Maple program
SYNOPSIS
mint [ -a databaseFile ] [ -A databaseFile ] [ -b libraryDir
] [ -d databaseFile ] [ -D macroDef ] [ -i infoLevel ] [ -I
includePath ] [ -l -o outputFile ] [-q -s -S -t errorNumber
] [ -U macroName ] [ -w width ] [ -x file ]
DESCRIPTION
Mint analyzes a Maple program, and produces a report about
possible errors in a Maple source file. If file is not
given, then the standard input is used to read Maple source
statements. Unlike Maple, Mint does not terminate when it
reads a quit statement. Instead, it terminates when it
reaches the end of the input.
OPTIONS
-b libraryDir
The library specification option (-b libraryDir) forces
Mint to look in the library file located in the speci-
fied directory for library routines.
-D The -D (Define) option is used to predefine a macro for
Maple's preprocessor, $define. The -D option can be
followed by either a symbol or a symbol, equal sign,
and the definition of the symbol. Multiple -D options
can be used to define multiple symbols.
-i infolevel
The info level option (-i infoLevel) specifies the
amount of information to be produced. The values
allowed for infoLevel are:
0 Display no information
1 Display only severe errors
2 Display severe and serious errors (default)
3 Display warnings as well as severe and serious errors
4 Give a full report on variable usage as well as
displaying errors and warnings
A severe error is an undisputable error, such as a break
statement outside of any loop. A serious error is almost
certainly a coding error, such as two nested loops using the
same control variable, or code appearing immediately after a
return statement. Warnings indicate possible coding errors,
such as using an equation as a stand- alone statement (sug-
gesting that an assignment was probably intended).
A report is displayed for each procedure in the file. A glo-
bal report, for statements not contained within any pro-
cedure, is displayed after the procedure reports. If the
severity of errors found within a procedure is less than
what the info level specifies, then no report is produced
for that procedure. In all cases, the most severe error
found in the file will be used to set the exit status for
Mint. The possible values exit status values are:
0 No errors or warnings
1 Warnings
2 Serious errors
3 Severe errors
With an infoLevel of 0, Mint will produce no output, but
will quietly return an exit status indicating the highest
severity of error encountered.
If infoLevel is 4, a usage report is given for each pro-
cedure as well as global statements within the file. Each
usage report shows how parameters, local variables, global
variables, system-defined names and catenated names are
used. For example:
Used as a value
Used as a table or list element
Used as a call-by-value parameter
Used as a call-by-name parameter (a quoted parameter)
Called as a function
Assigned a procedure
Assigned a list
Assigned a set
Assigned a range
Assigned a value as a table or list element
Assigned a function value (assigned a value to
remember as a function value)
In addition, a list of all the error messages generated, is
given.
-I The -I (Include) option specifies directories to be
searched for files specified in $include directives.
Multiple directories can be specified, separated by
commas. Alternatively, multiple -I options can be used
to specify multiple directories.
-l The library file option (-l) suppresses warnings and
errors that are commonly caused by Maple library source
files.
The use of global names beginning with an underscore
("_") is not reported, since such names are reserved
for use by the Maple library.
Warnings about the assignment of values to the system-
defined names, such as Digits and printlevel, are
suppressed since this often happens in a library file.
This option also suppresses error messages regarding
library file names being overwritten since one of the
purposes of a library file is to assign a procedure to
a library file name.
-o fileName
The output optin (-o fileName) specifies that Mint is
to write its report to the specified file, instead of
the standard output. This is often useful when Mint is
used as part of script, or on platforms which don't
have a concept of standard output.
-q The quiet option (-q) suppresses printing of the Maple
logo at startup.
-s The suppress startup file option (-s) forces Mint to
run without reading the Mint startup file. The Mint
startup file can be used to specify command line
options to Mint. This file can contain several lines
containing command line options or arguments as you
would type them on a command line. Since Mint first
reads the file and then scans the command line, argu-
ments on the actual command line can override arguments
in the initialization file. A good use of the initiali-
zation file may be to enter the name of the Maple
library procedure database file when using the -d
option, eliminating the need to type this each time
Mint is used.
The Mint startup file is called .mintrc under UNIX.
-S The Syntax checking only option (-S) overrides the info
level specification, and allows only syntax error mes-
sages to appear in the output.
-t errorNumber
The toggle error reporting option (-t errorNumber) will
switch between reporting and not reporting errors of
the given type number. The error numbers and
corresponding error messages are:
Severe errors - return code 3
0 "The following statements are not inside any loop:"
Indicates that a break or next statement has appeared
outside of a loop.
1 "The following statements are not inside any pro-
cedure:"
Indicates that an error or return statement has
appeared outside of a procedure.
2 "These names were declared more than once as a local
variable:"
Indicates that the same local variable has been
declared more than once in a procedure's local state-
ment.
3 "These names appeared more than once in the parameter
list:"
Indicates that the same parameter has been declared
more than once in a procedure's parameter list.
4 "These names were declared as both a local variable and
a parameter:"
Indicates that a procedure has a parameter and local
variable with the same name.
5 "Invalid left hand side of assignment:"
Indicates that an invalid expression (e.g. a set, a
sum, etc.) appears on the left hand side of an assign-
ment.
Serious errors - return code 2
6 "These names were used as the same loop variable for
nested loops:"
Indicates that an inner loop uses the same loop control
variable as an outer loop.
7 "There is unreachable code that will never be exe-
cuted;"
Indicates that a statement occurs immediately after a
break, next, return, or error statement. Such a state-
ment can never be reached during the course of execu-
tion.
8 "These names were used as iteration control variables
for both a $, sum, or product construct and a loop:"
Indicates that a construct such as seq, add, or $ uses
the same control variable as an enclosing loop.
9 "These names were used as global names but were not
declared:"
Indicates that a procedure makes use of some global
names, but has not declared them as such.
10 "Underscore names are reserved for use in the library.
These global names start with _:"
Indicates use of a global name beginning with the
underscore ("_") character. Such names are reserved for
use by Maple's supplied library.
11 "These local variables were never used:"
Indicates that the local variables were declared, but
never used within the procedure. Removing the declara-
tions can marginally improve performance and reduce
memory usage.
12 "These local variables were used but never assigned a
value:"
Indicates that a local variable's value was used, but
that no value was ever assigned to it, suggesting a
coding error.
13 "These local variables were assigned a value but other-
wise not used:"
Indicates that a value was assigned to a local vari-
able, but that this variable was then never used, sug-
gesting a coding error.
14 "These parameters were never used:"
Indicates that the specified parameters of a procedure
were never actually referred to by name within the pro-
cedure.
15 "These names defined in a macro or alias statement were
assigned a value:
Indicates that a value that has a macro expansion
appears on the right hand side of an assignment, mean-
ing that the object being assigned to is not what it
appears to be.
16 "These parameters were also used as macro or alias
names:"
Indicates that a procedure parameter name conflicts
with a macro or alias name.
17 "These local variables were also used as macro or alias
names:"
Indicates that a procedure's local variable name con-
flicts with a macro or alias name.
18 "These macro or alias names were expanded to a non-name
where a name was needed:"
Indicates that a macro or alias that expands to some-
thing other than a name has appeared in a context where
a name is required.
19 "Possible implied multiplication:"
Indicates that an expression such as 2(x+1) has been
encountered. In Maple, this means "apply the constant
function 2 to the argument x+1", not "multiply 2 by
x+1".
20 "Quotes are not needed around these names:"
.IP Indicates that a name was written with backquotes
(``) when such quotes were redundant.
21 "These local variables were not declared explicitly:"
Indicates local variables that were implicitly declared
(Maple declares as local any variables that are unde-
clared, and appear on the left hand side of an assign-
ment or as the control variable of a loop).
Warnings - return code 1
22 "The following function calls disagree with number of
parameters in the function definition:"
Indicates that a function was called with the wrong
number of arguments based on the information given in a
library database.
23 "These library names were assigned a value:"
Indicates that a name appearing in a library database
was assigned to.
24 "These system defined names were assigned a value:"
25 "These system defined names were redefined in a macro
or alias statement:"
Indicates that a system-defined name (e.g. Pi) was
assigned to.
26 "These catenated names were used:"
Indicates that the concatenation operator (||) was used
to create a name.
27 "These parameters or local variables are also system
defined names:"
Indicates that a parameter or local variable hides a
system defined name from use inside a procedure.
28 "These names defined in a macro or alias statement were
redefined:"
Indicates that a pre-defined macro or alias has been
redefined.
29 "Control variable of seq, add, or mul not referenced in
body:"
Indicates that the body expression of a seq, add, or
mul call is not a function of the control variable.
30 "Equations were used as statements on the following
lines:"
Indicates that an equation (e.g. a=b) occurs by itself
as a statement, suggesting that an assignment (a:=b)
might have been intended instead.
31 "These parameters were never used explicitly:"
Indicates that a named formal parameter of a procedure
is never actually used within the body of the pro-
cedure.
-U The -U (Undefine) option is used to undefine a Maple
preprocessor macro ($undef) that was defined earlier on
the command line by a -D option. The -U option must be
followed by the symbol to undefine. Multiple -U options
can be used to undefine multiple symbols.
-w width
The width option (-w width) specifies the line width,
in characters, to which Mint should format its report.
The default is 79 characters. The minimum is 40 charac-
ters.
-x The cross-reference option (-x) lists all functions
called in the code.
DATABASE OPTIONS
Procedure databases are files which contain information
about the definition of procedures which is useful in ensur-
ing that these procedures are used correctly. Each line in a
database file contains the following:
<name> <minArgs> <maxArgs> <nargsUsed> <fileName>
where <name> is a legal Maple name without any embedded
blanks, <minArgs> is the minimum number of arguments
expected for name, <maxArgs> is the maximum number of argu-
ments, <nargsUsed> is 1 if nargs is used in the procedure
body and 0 otherwise. The last field, <fileName>, is
optional, and is the name of the library source file in
which name is defined. The entries on each line are in free
format but must be separated from one another by at least
one space character. The values for <minArgs> and <maxArgs>
should be numbers in the range 0 to 999. If <maxArgs> is 999
for an entry, that denotes that the procedure has no upper
limit on the number of arguments. There may be multiple
entries for a particular procedure. Later entries supersede
earlier ones.
A procedure database file for the entire Maple library is
generated or updated periodically. This file is
"/usr/maple/data/mint.db" and contains over 4000 entries and
it takes Mint several seconds to read this file.
The database file options (-a databaseFile or -A database-
File) append procedure information to the specified database
file. Any procedures defined in the input file will have
their definitions appended to the database file. The
<minArgs> and <maxArgs> values will both be the number of
format parameters that appear in the procedure definition.
If the -A option was specified, the use of args or nargs in
a procedure body sets the <nargsUsed> field to 1 in the
database entry, which will turn off argument count checking
for that procedure. If the -a option was specified, pro-
cedures that use args or nargs are not written to the data-
base at all, and the <fileName> field of the database is
also not written.
The library database option (-d databaseFile) forces Mint to
use the specified library database as the procedure data-
base. This allows Mint to check for improper usage of the
procedures in the input file. Multiple library databases can
be specified.
SEE ALSO
Other Maple related commands:
maple, updtsrc
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