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NAME
mcedit - Full featured terminal text editor for Unix-like
systems.
USAGE
mcedit [[+number] file [-bcCdfhstVx?]]
DESCRIPTION
Mcedit is a link to mc, the Midnight Commander, forcing it
to immediately start its internal editor. The editor is a
terminal version of the cooledit standalone X Window editor.
OPTIONS
+number
Go to the line specified by number (do not insert a
space between the "+" sign and the number).
-b Forces black and white display.
-c Force color mode on terminals where mcedit defaults to
black and white.
-C <keyword>=<FGcolor>,<BGcolor>:<keyword>= ...
Used to specify a different color set, where keyword is
one of normal, selected, marked, markselect, errors,
reverse menu, menusel, menuhot, menuhotsel and gauge.
The colors are optional and are one of black, gray,
red, brightred, green, brightgreen, brown, yellow,
blue, brightblue, magenta, brightmagenta, cyan,
brightcyan, lightgray and white. See the Colors sec-
tion in mc.1 for more information.
-d Disables mouse support.
-f Displays the compiled-in search paths for Midnight Com-
mander files.
-t Used only if the code was compiled with Slang and ter-
minfo: it makes the Midnight Commander use the value of
the TERMCAP variable for the terminal information
instead of the information on the system wide terminal
database
-V Displays the version of the program.
-x Forces xterm mode. Used when running on xterm-capable
terminals (two screen modes, and able to send mouse
escape sequences).
Features
The internal file editor provides most of the features of
common full screen editors. It has an extensible file size
limit of sixteen megabytes and edits binary files flaw-
lessly. The features it presently supports are: Block copy,
move, delete, cut, paste; key for key undo ; pull-down
menus; file insertion; macro definition; regular expression
search and replace (and our own scanf-printf search and
replace); shift-arrow MSW-MAC text highlighting (for the
linux console only); insert-overwrite toggle; word-wrap; a
variety of tabbing options; syntax highlighting for various
file types; and an option to pipe text blocks through shell
commands like indent and ispell.
Keys
The editor is very easy to use and requires no tutoring. To
see what keys do what, just consult the appropriate pull-
down menu. Other keys are: Shift movement keys do text
highlighting (Linux console only). Ctrl-Ins copies to the
file ~/.cedit/cooledit.clip, and Shift-Ins pastes from
~/.cedit/cooledit.clip. Shift-Del cuts to
~/.cedit/cooledit.clip, and Ctrl-Del deletes highlighted
text - all linux console only. The completion key (see mc.1)
also does a hard return without an automatic indent. Mouse
highlighting also works, and you can override the mouse as
usual by holding down the shift key while dragging the mouse
to let normal terminal mouse highlighting work.
To define a macro, press Ctrl-R and then type out the key
strokes you want to be executed. Press Ctrl-R again when
finished. You can then assign the macro to any key you like
by pressing that key. The macro is executed when you press
Ctrl-A and then the assigned key. The macro is also executed
if you press Meta, Ctrl, or Esc and the assigned key, pro-
vided that the key is not used for any other function. Once
defined, the macro commands go into the file
~/.cedit/cooledit.macros. Do NOT edit this file unless you
are not going to use macros again in the same editing ses-
sion, because Mcedit caches macro key defines in memory.
Mcedit now overwrites a macro if a macro with the same key
already exists, so you won't have to edit this file. You
will also have to restart other running editors for macros
to take effect.
F19 will format C code when it is highlighted. For this to
work, make an executable file called .cedit/edit.indent.rc
in your home directory containing the following:
#!/bin/sh
# Use $HOME instead of ~ if this doesn't work.
# You may also have to use a different redirection
# syntax for some machines.
/usr/bin/indent -kr -pcs ~/.cedit/cooledit.block >& /dev/null
cat /dev/null > ~/.cedit/cooledit.error
C-p will run ispell on a block of text in a similar way. The
file is .cedit/edit.spell.rc
#!/bin/sh
# Use $HOME instead of ~ if this doesn't work.
# You may also have to use a different redirection
# syntax for some machines.
/usr/local/bin/ispell ~/.cedit/cooledit.block >& /dev/null
cat /dev/null > ~/.cedit/cooledit.error
Redefining Keys
Keys may be redefined from the Midnight Commander options
menu.
SYNTAX HIGHLIGHTING
As of version 3.6.0, cooledit has syntax highlighting. This
means that keywords and contexts (like C comments, string
constants, etc) are highlighted in different colours. The
following section explains the format of the file
~/.cedit/syntax.
The file ~/.cedit/syntax is rescanned on opening of a any
new editor file. The file contains rules for highlighting,
each of which is given on a separate line, and define which
keywords will be highlighted to what colour. The file is
also divided into sections, each beginning with a line with
the file command, followed by a regular expression. The reg-
ular expression dictates the file name that that set of
rules applies to. Following this is a description to be
printed on the left of the editor window explaining the file
type to the user. A third optional argument is a regular
expression to match the first line of text of the file. If
either the file name matches, or the first line of text,
then those rules will be loaded.
A section ends with the start of a new section. Each section
is divided into contexts, and each context contains rules. A
context is a scope within the text that a particular set of
rules belongs to. For instance, the region within a C style
comment (i.e. between /* and */) has its own colour. This is
a context, although it will have no further rules inside it
because there is probably nothing that we want highlighted
within a C comment.
A trivial C programming section might look like this:
file .\*\\.c C\sProgram\sFile (#include|/\\\*)
wholechars abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ_
# default colors
context default
keyword whole if 24
keyword whole else 24
keyword whole for 24
keyword whole while 24
keyword whole do 24
keyword whole switch 24
keyword whole case 24
keyword whole static 24
keyword whole extern 24
keyword { 14
keyword } 14
keyword '*' 6
# C comments
context /\* \*/ 22
# C preprocessor directives
context linestart # \n 18
keyword \\\n 24
# C string constants
context " " 6
keyword %d 24
keyword %s 24
keyword %c 24
keyword \\" 24
Each context starts with a line of the form:
context [exclusive] [whole|wholeright|wholeleft] [linestart]
delim [linestart] delim [foreground] [background]
One exception is the first context. It must start with the
command
context default [foreground] [background]
or else cooledit will return an error.
The linestart option dictates that delim must start at the
beginning of a line.
The whole option tells that delim must be a whole word. What
constitutes a whole word are a set of characters that can be
changed at any point in the file with the wholechars com-
mand. The wholechars command at the top just sets the set
exactly to its default and could therefore have been omit-
ted. To specify that a word must be whole on the left only,
you can use the wholeleft option, and similarly on the
right. The left and right set of characters can be set
separately with,
wholechars [left|right] characters
The exclusive option causes the text between the delimiters
to be highlighted, but not the delimiters themselves.
Each rule is a line of the form:
keyword [whole|wholeright|wholeleft] [linestart] string
foreground [background]
Context or keyword strings are interpreted so that you can
include tabs and spaces with the sequences \t and \s. New-
lines and the \ are specified with \n and \\ respectively.
Since whitespace is used as a separator, it may not be used
explicitedly. Also, \* must be used to specify a *. The *
itself is a wildcard that matches any length of characters.
For example,
keyword '*' 6
colours all C single character constants green. You could
also have used
keyword "*" 6
to colour string constants, except that the matched string
may not cross newlines. The wildcard may be used within con-
text delimiters as well, but you cannot have a wildcard as
the last or first character.
Important to note is the line
keyword \\\n 24
This line defines a keyword containing the \ and newline
characters. Because keywords have a higher precedence than
context delimiters, this keyword prevents the context from
ending at the end of a line if the line ends in a \ thus
allowing C preprocessor directive to continue across multi-
ple lines.
The colours themselves are numbered 0 to 26 and are
explained below in FURTHER BEHAVIORAL OPTIONS. You can also
use any of the named colors specified in
/usr/lib/X11/rgb.txt, though only one word versions of them.
It is better to stick to the numerical colors to limit use
of the color palette.
Comments may be included on a line of there own and begin
with a #.
Because of the simplicity of the implementation, there are a
few intricacies that will not be coped with correctly but
these are a minor irritation. On the whole, a broad spectrum
of quite complicated situations are handled with these sim-
ple rules. It is a good idea to take a look at the syntax
file to see some of the nifty tricks you can do with a lit-
tle imagination. If you can't get by with the rules I have
coded, and you think you have a rule that would be useful,
please email me with your request. However, do not ask for
regular expression support, because this is flatly
impossible.
A useful hint is to work with as much as possible with the
things you can do rather than try to do things that this
implementation can't cope with. Also remember that the aim
of syntax highlighting is to make programming less prone to
error, not to make code look pretty.
COLORS
The default colors may be changed by appending to the
MC_COLOR_TABLE environment variable. Foreground and back-
ground colors pairs may be specified for example with:
MC_COLOR_TABLE="$MC_COLOR_TABLE:editnormal=lightgray,black:editbold=yellow,black:editmarked=black,cyan"
OPTIONS
Most options can now be set from the editors options dialog
box. See the Options menu. The following options are defined
in You can modify them to change the editor behavior, by .
editing the file. Unless specified, a 1 sets the option to .
on, and a 0 sets it to off, as is usual. .
use_internal_edit ..
This option is ignored when invoking mcedit. .
editor_key_emulation ..
1 for Emacs keys, and 0 for normal Cooledit keys. .
editor_tab_spacing ..
Interpret the tab character as being of this length. .
Default is 8. You should avoid using other than 8 since .
most other editors and text viewers assume a tab spac- .
ing of 8. Use editor_fake_half_tabs to simulate a .
smaller tab spacing. .
editor_fill_tabs_with_spaces ..
Never insert a tab space. Rather insert spaces (ascii .
20h) to fill to the desired tab size. .
editor_return_does_auto_indent ..
Pressing return will tab across to match the indenta- .
tion of the first line above that has text on it. .
editor_backspace_through_tabs ..
Make a single backspace delete all the space to the .
left margin if there is no text between the cursor and .
the left margin. .
editor_fake_half_tabs ..
This will emulate a half tab for those who want to pro- .
gram with a tab spacing of 4, but do not want the tab .
size changed from 8 (so that the code will be formatted .
the same when displayed by other programs). When edit- .
ing between text and the left margin, moving and tab- .
bing will be as though a tab space were 4, while actu- .
ally using spaces and normal tabs for an optimal fill. .
When editing anywhere else, a normal tab is inserted. .
editor_option_save_mode ..
(0, 1 or 2.) The save mode (see the options menu also) .
allows you to change the method of saving a file. Quick .
save (0) saves the file by immediately, truncating the .
disk file to zero length (i.e. erasing it) and the .
writing the editor contents to the file. This method is .
fast, but dangerous, since a system error during a file .
save will leave the file only partially written, possi- .
bly rendering the data irretrievable. When saving, the .
safe save (1) option enables creation of a temporary .
file into which the file contents are first written. In .
the event of an problem, the original file is .
untouched. When the temporary file is successfully .
written, it is renamed to the name of the original .
file, thus replacing it. The safest method is create .
backups (2). Where a backup file is created before any .
changes are made. You can specify your own backup file .
extension in the dialog. Note that saving twice will .
replace your backup as well as your original file. .
Miscellaneous .
(Scanf search and replace have previously not worked prop- .
erly. With this release, problems with search and replace .
have been fixed.) .
You can use scanf search and replace to search and replace a .
C format string. First take a look at the sscanf and sprintf .
man pages to see what a format string is and how it works. .
An example is as follows: Suppose you want to replace all .
occurrences of say, an open bracket, three comma separated .
numbers, and a close bracket, with the word apples, the .
third number, the word oranges and then the second number, .
you would fill in the Replace dialog box as follows: .
Enter search string .
(%d,%d,%d) .
Enter replace string .
apples %d oranges %d .
Enter replacement argument order .
3,2 .
The last line specifies that the third and then the second .
number are to be used in place of the first and second. .
It is advisable to use this feature with Prompt On Replace .
on, because a match is thought to be found whenever the .
number of arguments found matches the number given, which is .
not always a real match. Scanf also treats whitespace as .
being elastic. Note that the scanf format %[ is very useful .
for scanning strings, and whitespace. .
The editor also displays non-us characters (160+). When .
editing binary files, you should set display bits to 7 bits .
in the Midnight Commander options menu to keep the spacing .
clean. .
FILES .
/usr/local/mc.hlp .
..
The help file for the program. .
/usr/local/lib/mc/mc.ini .
..
The default system-wide setup for the Midnight Com- .
mander, used only if the user lacks his own ~/.mc.ini .
file. .
/usr/local/lib/mc/mc.lib .
..
Global settings for the Midnight Commander. Settings .
in this file are global to any Midnight Commander, it .
is useful to define site-global terminal settings. .
$HOME/.mc.ini .
..
User's own setup. If this file is present then the .
setup is loaded from here instead of the system-wide .
startup file. .
$HOME/.cedit/ .
..
User's own temporary directory where block commands are .
processed and saved. .
LICENSE .
This program is distributed under the terms of the GNU Gen- .
eral Public License as published by the Free Software Foun- .
dation. See the built-in help of the Midnight Commander for .
details on the License and the lack of warranty. .
AVAILABILITY .
The latest version of this program can be found at .
ftp.nuclecu.unam.mx in the directory /linux/local and from .
Europe at sunsite.mff.cuni.cz in the directory /GNU/mc and .
at ftp.teuto.de in the directory /lmb/mc. The X Window ver- .
sion can be found at sunsite.unc.edu in .
/pub/Linux/apps/editors/X or at argeas.argos.hol.gr in .
/pub/unix/cooledit. .
SEE ALSO .
cooledit(1), mc(1), gpm(1), terminfo(1), scanf(3). .
AUTHORS .
Paul Sheer (psheer@obsidian.co.za) is the developer of the .
Midnight Commander's internal editor. .
BUGS .
See the file README.edit in the distribution for more infor- .
mation. .
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