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NAME
jarsigner - JAR signing and verification tool
SYNOPSIS
jarsigner [ -keystore file ] [ -keystore url ]
[ -storepass storetype ] [ -storepass password ]
[ -keypass password ] [ -sigfile file ]
[ -signedjar file ] [ -verify ] [ -certs ]
[ -verbose ] [ -internalsf ] [ -sectionsonly ]
[ -Jflag ] jar-file alias
DESCRIPTION
The jarsigner tool is used for two purposes:
1. to sign Java ARchive (JAR) files, and
2. to verify the signatures and integrity of signed JAR
files.
The JAR feature enables the packaging of class files,
images, sounds, and other digital data in a single file for
faster and easier distribution. A tool named jar enables
developers to produce JAR files.
A digital signature is a string of bits that is computed
from some data (the data being "signed") and the private key
of an entity (a person, company, etc.). Like a handwritten
signature, a digital signature has many useful characteris-
tics:
o Its authenticity can be verified, via a computation that
uses the public key corresponding to the private key used
to generate the signature.
o It cannot be forged, assuming the private key is kept
secret.
o It is a function of the data signed and thus can't be
claimed to be the signature for other data as well.
o The signed data cannot be changed; if it is, the signature
will no longer verify as being authentic.
In order for an entity's signature to be generated for a
file, the entity must first have a public/private key pair
associated with it, and also one or more certificates
authenticating its public key. A certificate is a digitally
signed statement from one entity, saying that the public key
of some other entity has a particular value.
jarsigner uses key and certificate information from a key-
store to generate digital signatures for JAR files. A
keystore is a database of private keys and their associated
X.509 certificate chains authenticating the corresponding
public keys. The keytool utility is used to create and
administer keystores.
jarsigner uses an entity's private key to generate a signa-
ture. The signed JAR file contains, among other things, a
copy of the certificate from the keystore for the public key
corresponding to the private key used to sign the file. jar-
signer can verify the digital signature of the signed JAR
file using the certificate inside it (in its signature block
file).
At this time, jarsigner can only sign JAR files created by
the JDK jar tool or zip files. (JAR files are the same as
zip files, except they also have a META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
file. Such a file will automatically be created when jar-
signer signs a zip file.)
The default jarsigner behavior is to sign a JAR file. Use
the -verify option to instead have it verify a signed JAR
file.
Compatibility with JDK 1.1
Please note: the keytool and jarsigner tools completely
replace the javakey tool provided in JDK 1.1. These new
tools provide more features than javakey, including the
ability to protect the keystore and private keys with pass-
words, and the ability to verify signatures in addition to
generating them.
The new keystore architecture replaces the identity database
that javakey created and managed. There is no backwards com-
patibility between the keystore format and the database for-
mat used by javakey in 1.1. However:
o It is possible to import the information from an identity
database into a keystore, via the keytool -identitydb com-
mand
o jarsigner can sign JAR files also previously signed using
javakey
o jarsigner can verify JAR files signed using javakey Thus,
it recognizes and can work with signer aliases that are
from a JDK 1.1 identity database rather than a JDK 1.2
keystore.
The following table explains how JAR files that were signed
in JDK 1.1.x are treated in JDK 1.2.
Trusted
Identity
imported Policy File
JAR File Identity in into 1.2 grants Privileges
Type 1.1 database keystore privileges to Granted
from 1.1 Identity/Alias
database
(4)
Signed Default
JAR NO NO NO privaleges
granted to
all code.
Unsigned Default
JAR NO NO NO privileges
granted to
all code.
Signed Default
JAR NO YES NO privileges
granted to
all code.
Signed Default
JAR YES/Untrusted NO NO privileges
granted to
all code. (3)
Signed Default
JAR YES/Untrusted NO YES privileges
granted to
all code.
(1,3)
Signed Default
JAR NO YES YES privileges
granted to
all code plus
privileges
granted in
policy file.
Signed Default
JAR YES/Trusted YES YES privileges
granted to
all code plus
privileges
granted in
policy file.
(2)
Signed All
JAR YES/Trusted NO NO privileges
Signed All
JAR YES/Trusted YES NO privileges
(1)
Signed All
JAR YES/Trusted NO YES privileges
(1)
Notes:
1. If an identity/alias is mentioned in the policy file,
it must be imported into the keystore for the policy
file to have any effect on privileges granted.
1. If an identity/alias is mentioned in the policy file,
it must be imported into the keystore for the policy
file to have any effect on privileges granted.
2. The policy file/keystore combination has precedence
over a trusted identity in the identity database.
3. Untrusted identities are ignored in JDK 1.2.
4. Only trusted identities can be imported into JDK 1.2
keystores.
Keystore Aliases
All keystore entities are accessed via unique aliases.
When using jarsigner to sign a JAR file, you must specify
the alias for the keystore entry containing the private key
needed to generate the signature. For example, the following
will sign the JAR file named MyJARFile.jar, using the
private key associated with the alias duke in the keystore
named mystore in the "working" directory. Since no output
file is specified, it overwrites MyJARFile.jar with the
signed JAR file.
example% jarsigner -keystore /working/mystore -storepass
myspass -keypass dukekeypasswd MyJARFile.jar duke
Keystores are protected with a password, so the store pass-
word (in this case myspass) must be specified. You will be
prompted for it if you don't specify it on the command line.
Similarly, private keys are protected in a keystore with a
password, so the private key's password (in this case
dukekeypasswd) must be specified, and you will be prompted
for it if you don't specify it on the command line and it
isn't the same as the store password.
Keystore Location
jarsigner has a -keystore option for specifying the name and
location of the keystore to be used. The keystore is by
default stored in a file named .keystore in the user's home
directory, as determined by the user.home system property.
On Solaris systems user.home defaults to the user's home
directory.
Keystore Implementation
A keystore implementation is a concrete implementation of
the KeyStore abstract class provided in the java.security
package. This class supplies well-defined interfaces to
access and modify the information in a keystore.
Currently, there are two command-line tools that make use of
KeyStore: keytool and jarsigner, and also a GUI-based tool
named policytool. Since KeyStore is publicly available, JDK
users can write additional security applications that use
it.
There is a built-in default implementation, provided by Sun
Microsystems. It implements the keystore as a file, utiliz-
ing a proprietary keystore type (format) named "JKS". It
protects each private key with its individual password, and
also protects the integrity of the entire keystore with a
(possibly different) password.
Keystore implementations are provider-based. More specifi-
cally, the application interfaces supplied by KeyStore are
implemented in terms of a "Service Provider Interface"
(SPI). That is, there is a corresponding abstract Keys-
toreSpi class, also in the java.security package, which
defines the Service Provider Interface methods that "provid-
ers" must implement. (The term "provider" refers to a pack-
age or a set of packages that supply a concrete implementa-
tion of a subset of services that can be accessed by the
Java Security API.) Thus, to provide a keystore implementa-
tion, clients must implement a provider and supply a Keys-
toreSpi subclass implementation, as described in How to
Implement a Provider for the Java Cryptography Architecture.
Applications can choose different types of keystore imple-
mentations from different providers, using the getInstance
factory method supplied in the KeyStore class. A keystore
type defines the storage and data format of the keystore
information, and the algorithms used to protect private keys
in the keystore and the integrity of the keystore itself.
Keystore implementations of different types are not compati-
ble.
keytool works on any file-based keystore implementation.
(It treats the keytore location that is passed to it at the
command line as a filename and converts it to a FileIn-
putStream, from which it loads the keystore information.)
The jarsigner and policytool tools, on the other hand, can
read a keystore from any location that can be specified
using a URL.
For jarsigner and keytool, you can specify a keystore type
at the command line, via the -storetype option. For poli-
cytool, you can specify a keystore type via the "Change Key-
store" command in the Edit menu.
If you don't explicitly specify a keystore type, the tools
choose a keystore implementation based simply on the value
of the keystore.type property specified in the security pro-
perties file. The security properties file is called
java.security, and it resides in the JDK security properties
directory, java.home/lib/security, where java.home is the
JDK installation directory.
Each tool gets the keystore.type value and then examines all
the currently-installed providers until it finds one that
implements keystores of that type. It then uses the keystore
implementation from that provider.
The KeyStore class defines a static method named getDefault-
Type that lets applications and applets retrieve the value
of the keystore.type property. The following line of code
creates an instance of the default keystore type (as speci-
fied in the keystore.type property):
KeyStore keyStore =
KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());
The default keystore type is "jks" (the proprietary type of
the keystore implementation provided by Sun). This is speci-
fied by the following line in the security properties file:
keystore.type=jks
To have the tools utilize a keystore implementation other
than the default, change that line to specify a different
keystore type.
For example, if you have a provider package that supplies a
keystore implementation for a keystore type called "pkcs12",
change the line to
keystore.type=pkcs12
Note: case doesn't matter in keystore type designations.
For example, "JKS" would be considered the same as "jks".
Supported Algorithms and Key Sizes
At this time, jarsigner can sign a JAR file using either
o DSA (Digital Signature Algorithm) with the SHA-1 digest
algorithm, or
o the RSA algorithm with the MD5 digest algorithm.
That is, if the signer's public and private keys are DSA
keys, jarsigner will attempt to sign the JAR file using the
SHA-1/DSA algorithm. If the signer's keys are RSA keys, jar-
signer will sign the JAR file using the MD5/RSA algorithm.
This is only possible if there is a statically installed
provider supplying an implementation for the MD5/RSA algo-
rithm. (There is always a SHA-1/DSA algorithm available,
from the default "SUN" provider.)
The Signed JAR File
When jarsigner is used to sign a JAR file, the output signed
JAR file is exactly the same as the input JAR file, except
that it has two additional files placed in the META-INF
directory:
o a signature file, with a .SF extension, and
o a signature block file, with a .DSA extension.
The base file names for these two files come from the value
of the -sigFile option. For example, if the option appears
as
-sigFile MKSIGN
the files are named MKSIGN.SF and MKSIGN.DSA.
If no -sigfile option appears on the command line, the base
file name for the .SF and .DSA files will be the first 8
characters of the alias name specified on the command line,
all converted to upper case. If the alias name has fewer
than 8 characters, the full alias name is used. If the alias
name contains any characters that are not allowed in a sig-
nature file name, each such character is converted to an
underscore ("_") character in forming the file name. Legal
characters include letters, digits, underscores, and
hyphens.
The Signature (.SF) File
A signature file (the .SF file) looks similar to the mani-
fest file that is always included in a JAR file generated by
the jar tool. That is, for each source file included in the
JAR file, the .SF file has three lines, just as in the mani-
fest file, listing the following:
o the file name,
o the name of the digest algorithm used (SHA), and
o a SHA digest value.
In the manifest file, the SHA digest value for each source
file is the digest (hash) of the binary data in the source
file. In the .SF file, on the other hand, the digest value
for a given source file is the hash of the three lines in
the manifest file for the source file.
The signature file also, by default, includes a header con-
taining a hash of the whole manifest file. The presence of
the header enables verification optimization, as described
in JAR File Verification.
The Signature Block (.DSA) File
The .SF file is signed and the signature is placed in the
.DSA file. The .DSA file also contains, encoded inside it, a
certificate authenticating the public key corresponding to
the private key used for signing.
JAR File Verification
A successful JAR file verification occurs if the
signature(s) are valid, and none of the files that were in
the JAR file when the signatures were generated have been
changed since then. JAR file verification involves the fol-
lowing steps:
1. Verify the signature of the .SF file itself.
That is, the verification ensures that the signature
stored in each signature block (.DSA) file was in fact
generated using the private key corresponding to the
public key whose certificate also appears in the .DSA
file. It also ensures that the signature is a valid
signature of the corresponding signature (.SF) file,
and thus the .SF file has not been tampered with.
2. Verify the digest listed in each entry in the .SF file
with each corresponding section in the manifest.
The .SF file by default includes a header containing a
hash of the entire manifest file. When the header is
present, then the verification can check to see whether
or not the hash in the header indeed matches the hash
of the manifest file. If that is the case, verification
proceeds to the next step.
If that is not the case, a less optimized verification
is required to ensure that the hash in each source file
information section in the .SF file equals the hash of
its corresponding section in the manifest file (see The
Signature (.SF) File).
One reason the hash of the manifest file that is stored
in the .SF file header may not equal the hash of the
current manifest file would be because one or more
files were added to the JAR file (using the jar tool)
after the signature (and thus the .SF file) was gen-
erated. When the jar tool is used to add files, the
manifest file is changed (sections are added to it for
the new files), but the .SF file is not. A verification
is still considered successful if none of the files
that were in the JAR file when the signature was gen-
erated have been changed since then, which is the case
if the hashes in the non-header sections of the .SF
file equal the hashes of the corresponding sections in
the manifest file.
3. Read each file in the JAR file that has an entry in the
.SF file. While reading, compute the file's digest, and
then compare the result with the digest for this file
in the manifest section. The digests should be the
same, or verification fails.
If any serious verification failures occur during the verif-
ication process, the process is stopped and a security
exception is thrown. It is caught and displayed by jar-
signer.
Multiple Signatures for a JAR File
A JAR file can be signed by multiple people simply by run-
ning the jarsigner tool on the file multiple times, specify-
ing the alias for a different person each time, as in:
example% jarsigner myBundle.jar susan
example% jarsigner myBundle.jar kevin
When a JAR file is signed multiple times, there are multiple
.SF and .DSA files in the resulting JAR file, one pair for
each signature. Thus, in the example above, the output JAR
file includes files with the following names:
SUSAN.SF
SUSAN.DSA
KEVIN.SF
KEVIN.DSA
OPTIONS
The various jarsigner options are listed and described
below. Note:
o All option names are preceded by a minus sign (-).
o The options may be provided in any order.
o Items in italics (option values) represent the actual
values that must be supplied.
o The -keystore, -storepass, -keypass, -sigfile, and -
signedjar options are only relevant when signing a JAR
file, not when verifying a signed JAR file. Similarly, an
alias is only specified on the command line when signing a
JAR file.
-keystore file Specifies the keystore (database file) loca-
tion. This is only needed when signing (not
verifying) a JAR file, and defaults to the
file .keystore in the user's home directory,
as determined by the user.home system pro-
perty. On Solaris systems user.home defaults
to the user's home directory.
-keystore url Specifies the URL that tells the keystore
location. This defaults to the file .keystore
in the user's home directory, as determined
by the user.home system property.
A keystore is required when signing, so you
must explicitly specify one if the default
keystore does not exist (or you want to use
one other than the default).
A keystore is not required when verifying,
but if one is specified, or the default
exists, and the -verbose option was also
specified, additional information is output
regarding whether or not any of the certifi-
cates used to verify the JAR file are con-
tained in that keystore.
Note: the -keystore argument can actually be
a file name (and path) specification rather
than a URL, in which case it will be treated
the same as a "file:" URL. That is,
-keystore filePathAndName
is treated as equivalent to
-keystore file:filePathAndName
-storepass storetype
Specifies the type of keystore to be instan-
tiated. The default keystore type is the one
that is specified as the value of the
"keystore.type" property in the security pro-
perties file, which is returned by the static
getDefaultType method in
java.security.KeyStore.
-storepass password
Specifies the password which is required to
access the keystore. This is only needed when
signing (not verifying) a JAR file. In that
case, if a -storepass option is not provided
at the command line, the user is prompted for
the password.
Note: The password shouldn't be specified on
the command line or in a script unless it is
for testing purposes, or you are on a secure
system. Also, when typing in a password at
the password prompt, the password is echoed
(displayed exactly as typed), so be careful
not to type it in front of anyone.
-keypass password
Specifies the password used to protect the
private key of the keystore entry addressed
by the alias specified on the command line.
The password is required when using jarsigner
to sign a JAR file. If no password is pro-
vided on the command line, and the required
password is different from the store pass-
word, the user is prompted for it.
Note: The password shouldn't be specified on
the command line or in a script unless it is
for testing purposes, or you are on a secure
system. Also, when typing in a password at
the password prompt, the password is echoed
(displayed exactly as typed), so be careful
not to type it in front of anyone.
-sigfile file Specifies the base file name to be used for
the generated .SF and .DSA files. For exam-
ple, if file is DUKESIGN, the generated .SF
and .DSA files will be named DUKESIGN.SF and
DUKESIGN.DSA, and will be placed in the
META-INF directory of the signed JAR file.
The characters in file must come from the set
"a-zA-Z0-9_-". That is, only letters,
numbers, underscore, and hyphen characters
are allowed. Note: All lowercase characters
will be converted to uppercase for the .SF
and .DSA file names.
If no -sigfile option appears on the command
line, the base file name for the .SF and .DSA
files will be the first 8 characters of the
alias name specified on the command line, all
converted to upper case. If the alias name
has fewer than 8 characters, the full alias
name is used. If the alias name contains any
characters that are not legal in a signature
file name, each such character is converted
to an underscore ("_") character in forming
the file name.
-signedjar file
Specifies the name to be used for the signed
JAR file.
If no name is specified on the command line,
the name used is the same as the input JAR
file name (the name of the JAR file to be
signed); in other words, that file is
overwritten with the signed JAR file.
-verify If this appears on the command line, the
specified JAR file will be verified, not
signed. If the verification is successful,
"jar verified" will be displayed. If you try
to verify an unsigned JAR file, or a JAR file
signed with an unsupported algorithm (for
example, RSA when you don't have an RSA pro-
vider installed), the following is displayed:
"jar is unsigned. (signatures missing or not
parsable)"
It is possible to verify JAR files signed
using either jarsigner or the JDK 1.1 javakey
tool, or both.
For further information on verification, see
JAR File Verification.
-certs If this appears on the command line, along
with the -verify and -verbose options, the
output includes certificate information for
each signer of the JAR file. This information
includes:
o the name of the type of certificate (stored
in the .DSA file) that certifies the
signer's public key
o if the certificate is an X.509 certificate
(more specifically, an instance of
java.security.cert.X509Certificate): the
distinguished name of the signer
The keystore is also examined. If no keystore
value is specified on the command line, the
default keystore file (if any) will be
checked. If the public key certificate for a
signer matches an entry in the keystore, then
the following information will also be
displayed:
o in parentheses, the alias name for the key-
store entry for that signer. If the signer
actually comes from a JDK 1.1 identity
database instead of from a keystore, the
alias name will appear in brackets instead
of parentheses.
-verbose If this appears on the command line, it indi-
cates "verbose" mode, which causes jarsigner
to output extra information as to the pro-
gress of the JAR signing or verification.
-internalsf In the past, the .DSA (signature block) file
generated when a JAR file was signed used to
include a complete encoded copy of the .SF
file (signature file) also generated. This
behavior has been changed. To reduce the
overall size of the output JAR file, the .DSA
file by default doesn't contain a copy of the
.SF file anymore. But if -internalsf appears
on the command line, the old behavior is
utilized. This option is mainly useful for
testing; in practice, it should not be used,
since doing so eliminates a useful optimiza-
tion.
-sectionsonly If this appears on the command line, the .SF
file (signature file) generated when a JAR
file is signed does not include a header con-
taining a hash of the whole manifest file. It
just contains information and hashes related
to each individual source file included in
the JAR file, as described in The Signature
(.SF) File .
By default, this header is added, as an
optimization. When the header is present,
then whenever the JAR file is verified, the
verification can first check to see whether
or not the hash in the header indeed matches
the hash of the whole manifest file. If so,
verification proceeds to the next step. If
not, it is necessary to do a less optimized
verification that the hash in each source
file information section in the .SF file
equals the hash of its corresponding section
in the manifest file.
For further information, see JAR File Verifi-
cation.
This option is mainly useful for testing; in
practice, it should not be used, since doing
so eliminates a useful optimization.
-Jflag Passes the specified flag directly to the
runtime system. (jarsigner is actually a
"wrapper" around the interpreter.) This
option should not contain any spaces. It is
useful for adjusting the execution environ-
ment or memory usage. For a list of possible
flags, type java -h or java -X at the command
line.
EXAMPLES
Signing a JAR File
Suppose you have a JAR file named bundle.jar and you'd like
to sign it using the private key of the user whose keystore
alias is "jane" in the keystore named "mystore" in the
"working" directory. Suppose the keystore password is "mys-
pass" and the password for jane's private key is "j638klm".
You can use the following to sign the JAR file and name the
signed JAR file "sbundle.jar":
example% jarsigner -keystore "/working/mystore" -storepass myspass
-keypass j638klm -signedjar sbundle.jar bundle.jar jane
Note that there is no -sigfile specified in the command
above, so the generated .SF and .DSA files to be placed in
the signed JAR file will have default names based on the
alias name. That is, they will be named JANE.SF and
JANE.DSA.
If you want to be prompted for the store password and the
private key password, you could shorten the above command to
example% jarsigner -keystore /working/mystore
-signedjar sbundle.jar bundle.jar jane
If the keystore to be used is the default keystore (the one
named .keystore in your home directory), you don't need to
specify a keystore, as in:
example% jarsigner -signedjar sbundle.jar bundle.jar jane
Finally, if you want the signed JAR file to simply overwrite
the input JAR file (bundle.jar), you don't need to specify a
-signedjar option:
example% jarsigner bundle.jar jane
Verifying a Signed JAR File
To verify a signed JAR file, that is, to verify that the
signature is valid and the JAR file has not been tampered
with, use a command such as the following:
example% jarsigner -verify sbundle.jar
If the verification is successful,
jar verified.
is displayed. Otherwise, an error message appears.
You can get more information if you use the -verbose option.
A sample use of jarsigner with the -verbose option is shown
below, along with sample output:
example% jarsigner -verify -verbose sbundle.jar
198 Fri Sep 26 16:14:06 PDT 1997 META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
199 Fri Sep 26 16:22:10 PDT 1997 META-INF/JANE.SF
1013 Fri Sep 26 16:22:10 PDT 1997 META-INF/JANE.DSA
smk 2752 Fri Sep 26 16:12:30 PDT 1997 AclEx.class
smk 849 Fri Sep 26 16:12:46 PDT 1997 test.class
s = signature was verified
m = entry is listed in manifest
k = at least one certificate was found in keystore
jar verified.
Verification with Certificate Information
If you specify the -certs option when verifying, along with
the -verify and -verbose options, the output includes
certificate information for each signer of the JAR file,
including the certificate type, the signer distinguished
name information (if it's an X.509 certificate), and, in
parentheses, the keystore alias for the signer if the public
key certificate in the JAR file matches that in a keystore
entry. For example,
example% jarsigner -keystore /working/mystore -verify -verbose -certs myTest.jar
198 Fri Sep 26 16:14:06 PDT 1997 META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
199 Fri Sep 26 16:22:10 PDT 1997 META-INF/JANE.SF
1013 Fri Sep 26 16:22:10 PDT 1997 META-INF/JANE.DSA
208 Fri Sep 26 16:23:30 PDT 1997 META-INF/JAVATEST.SF
1087 Fri Sep 26 16:23:30 PDT 1997 META-INF/JAVATEST.DSA
smk 2752 Fri Sep 26 16:12:30 PDT 1997 Tst.class
X.509, CN=Test Group, OU=Java Software, O=Sun Microsystems, L=CUP, S=CA, C=US (javatest)
X.509, CN=Jane Smith, OU=Java Software, O=Sun, L=cup, S=ca, C=us (jane)
s = signature was verified
m = entry is listed in manifest
k = at least one certificate was found in keystore
jar verified.
If the certificate for a signer is not an X.509 certificate,
there is no distinguished name information. In that case,
just the certificate type and the alias are shown. For exam-
ple, if the certificate is a PGP certificate, and the alias
is "bob", you'd get
PGP, (bob)
Verification of a JAR File
The verification example below entails verification of a JAR
file that includes identity database signers.
If a JAR file has been signed using the JDK 1.1 javakey
tool, and thus the signer is an alias in an identity data-
base, the verification output includes an "i" symbol. If the
JAR file has been signed by both an alias in an identity
database and an alias in a keystore, both "k" and "i"
appear.
When the -certs option is used, any identity database
aliases are shown in square brackets rather than the
parentheses used for keystore aliases. For example:
example% jarsigner -keystore /working/mystore -verify -verbose -certs writeFile.jar
198 Fri Sep 26 16:14:06 PDT 1997 META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
199 Fri Sep 26 16:22:10 PDT 1997 META-INF/JANE.SF
1013 Fri Sep 26 16:22:10 PDT 1997 META-INF/JANE.DSA
199 Fri Sep 27 12:22:30 PDT 1997 META-INF/DUKE.SF
1013 Fri Sep 27 12:22:30 PDT 1997 META-INF/DUKE.DSA
smki 2752 Fri Sep 26 16:12:30 PDT 1997 writeFile.html
X.509, CN=Jane Smith, OU=Java Software, O=Sun, L=cup, S=ca, C=us (jane)
X.509, CN=Duke, OU=Java Software, O=Sun, L=cup, S=ca, C=us [duke]
s = signature was verified
m = entry is listed in manifest
k = at least one certificate was found in keystore
i = at least one certificate was found in identity scope
jar verified.
Please note that the alias "duke" is in brackets to denote
that it is an identity database alias, not a keystore alias.
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for a description of the following attri-
butes:
__________________________________
| ATTRIBUTE TYPE| ATTRIBUTE VALUE|
|_______________|__________________|_
| Availability | SUNWjvdev |
|_______________|_________________|
SEE ALSO
jar(1), keytool(1)
|
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