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NAME
import - capture some or all of an X server screen and save
the image to a file.
SYNOPSIS
import [ options ... ] [ file ]
DESCRIPTION
import reads an image from any visible window on an X server
and outputs it as an image file. You can capture a single
window, the entire screen, or any rectangular portion of the
screen. Use display (see display(1)) for redisplay,
printing, editing, formatting, archiving, image processing,
etc. of the captured image.
The target window can be specified by id, name, or may be
selected by clicking the mouse in the desired window. If
you press a button and then drag, a rectangle will form
which expands and contracts as the mouse moves. To save the
portion of the screen defined by the rectangle, just
release the button. The keyboard bell is rung once at the
beginning of the screen capture and twice when it completes.
EXAMPLES
To select an X window with the mouse and save it in the MIFF
image format to a file titled window.miff, use:
import window.miff
To select an X window and save it in the Encapsulated
Postscript format to include in another document, use:
import figure.eps
To capture the entire X server screen in the JPEG image
format in a file titled root.jpeg, use:
import -window root root.jpeg
OPTIONS
import options can appear on the command line or in your X
resources file (see X(1)). Options on the command line
supersede values specified in your X resources file.
-adjoin
join images into a single multi-image file.
By default, all images of an image sequence are stored
in the same file. However, some formats (e.g. JPEG) do
not support more than one image and are saved to
separate files. Use +adjoin to force this behavior.
-border
include image borders in the output image.
-cache threshold
megabytes of memory available to the pixel cache.
Image pixels are stored in memory until 80 megabytes of
memory have been consumed. Subsequent pixel operations
are cached on disk. Operations to memory are
significantly faster but if your computer does not have
a sufficient amount of free memory you may want to
adjust this threshold value. -colors value preferred
number of colors in the image.
The actual number of colors in the image may be less
than your request, but never more. Note, this is a
color reduction option. Images with less unique colors
than specified with this option will have any duplicate
or unused colors removed. Refer to quantize(9) for
more details.
Note, options -dither, -colorspace, and -treedepth
affect the color reduction algorithm.
-colorspace value
the type of colorspace: GRAY, OHTA, RGB, Transparent,
XYZ, YCbCr, YIQ, YPbPr, YUV, or CMYK.
Color reduction, by default, takes place in the RGB
color space. Empirical evidence suggests that
distances in color spaces such as YUV or YIQ correspond
to perceptual color differences more closely than do
distances in RGB space. These color spaces may give
better results when color reducing an image. Refer to
quantize(9) for more details.
The Transparent color space behaves uniquely in that it
preserves the matte channel of the image if it exists.
The -colors or -monochrome option is required for this
option to take effect.
-comment string
annotate an image with a comment.
By default, each image is commented with its file name.
Use this option to assign a specific comment to the
image. Optionally you can include the image filename,
type, width, height, or other image attributes by
embedding special format characters:
%b file size
%c comment
%d directory
%e filename extention
%f filename
%h height
%i input filename
%l label
%m magick
%n number of scenes
%o output filename
%p page number
%q quantum depth
%s scene number
%t top of filename
%u unique temporary filename
%w width
%x x resolution
%y y resolution
\n newline
\r carriage return
For example,
-comment "%m:%f %wx%h"
produces an image comment of MIFF:bird.miff 512x480 for
an image titled bird.miff and whose width is 512 and
height is 480.
If the first character of string is @, the image
comment is read from a file titled by the remaining
characters in the string.
-compress type
the type of image compression: None, BZip, Fax, Group4,
JPEG, LZW, RunlengthEncoded, or Zip.
Specify +compress to store the binary image in an
uncompressed format. The default is the compression
type of the specified image file.
-crop <width>x<height>{+-}<x offset>{+-}<y offset>{%}
preferred size and location of the cropped image. See
X(1) for details about the geometry specification.
To specify a percentage width or height instead, append
%. For example to crop the image by ten percent on all
sides of the image, use -crop 10%.
Omit the x and y offset to generate one or more
subimages of a uniform size.
Use cropping to crop a particular area of an image.
Use -crop 0x0 to trim edges that are the background
color. Add an x and y offset to leave a portion of the
trimmed edges with the image.
-delay <1/100ths of a second>x<seconds>
display the next image after pausing.
This option is useful for regulating the display of the
sequence of images. 1/100ths of a second must expire
before the display of the next image. The default is
6/100 of a second between each frame of the image
sequence. The second value is optional. It specifies
the number of seconds to pause before repeating your
animation sequence.
-density <width>x<height>
vertical and horizontal resolution in pixels of the
image.
This option specifies an image density when decoding a
Postscript or Portable Document page. The default is
72 pixels per inch in the horizontal and vertical
direction. This option is used in concert with -page.
-descend
obtain image by descending window hierarchy.
-display host:display[.screen]
specifies the X server to contact; see X(1).
-dispose method
GIF disposal method.
Here are the valid methods:
0 No disposal specified.
1 Do not dispose between frames.
2 Overwrite frame with background color from header.
3 Overwrite with previous frame.
-dither
apply Floyd/Steinberg error diffusion to the image.
The basic strategy of dithering is to trade intensity
resolution for spatial resolution by averaging the
intensities of several neighboring pixels. Images
which suffer from severe contouring when reducing
colors can be improved with this option.
The -colors or -monochrome option is required for this
option to take effect.
Use +dither to render Postscript without text or
graphic aliasing.
-frame
include window manager frame.
offset>{%}{!}{<}{>}
-geometry <width>x<height>{+-}<x offset>{+-}<y
the width and height of the image.
By default, the width and height are maximum values.
That is, the image is expanded or contracted to fit the
width and height value while maintaining the aspect
ratio of the image. Append an exclamation point to the
geometry to force the image size to exactly the size
you specify. For example, if you specify 640x480! the
image width is set to 640 pixels and height to 480. If
only one factor is specified, both the width and height
assume the value.
To specify a percentage width or height instead, append
%. The image size is multiplied by the width and
height percentages to obtain the final image
dimensions. To increase the size of an image, use a
value greater than 100 (e.g. 125%). To decrease an
image's size, use a percentage less than 100.
Use > to change the dimensions of the image only if its
size exceeds the geometry specification. < resizes the
image only if its dimensions is less than the geometry
specification. For example, if you specify 640x480>
and the image size is 512x512, the image size does not
change. However, if the image is 1024x1024, it is
resized to 640x480.
-interlace type
the type of interlacing scheme: None, Line, Plane, or
Partition. The default is None.
This option is used to specify the type of interlacing
scheme for raw image formats such as RGB or YUV. No
means do not interlace (RGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGB...), Line
uses scanline interlacing
(RRR...GGG...BBB...RRR...GGG...BBB...), and Plane uses
plane interlacing (RRRRRR...GGGGGG...BBBBBB...).
Partition is like plane except the different planes are
saved to individual files (e.g. image.R, image.G, and
image.B).
Use Line, or Plane to create an interlaced GIF or
progressive JPEG image. -label name assign a label to
an image.
Use this option to assign a specific label to the
image. Optionally you can include the image filename,
type, width, height, or other image attributes by
embedding special format characters. See -comment for
details.
For example,
-label "%m:%f %wx%h"
produces an image label of MIFF:bird.miff 512x480 for
an image titled bird.miff and whose width is 512 and
height is 480.
If the first character of string is @, the image label
is read from a file titled by the remaining characters
in the string.
When converting to Postscript, use this option to
specify a header string to print above the image.
Specify the label font with -font.
-monochrome
transform image to black and white.
-negate
replace every pixel with its complementary color (white
becomes black, yellow becomes blue, etc.).
The red, green, and blue intensities of an image are
negated. Use +negate to only negate the grayscale
pixels of the image.
-page <width>x<height>{+-}<x offset>{+-
}<y offset>{%}{!}{<}{>}
preferred size and location of an image canvas.
Use this option to specify the dimensions of the
Postscript page in dots per inch or a TEXT page in
pixels. The choices for a Postscript page are:
11x17 792 1224
Ledger 1224 792
Legal 612 1008
Letter 612 792
LetterSmall 612 792
ArchE 2592 3456
ArchD 1728 2592
ArchC 1296 1728
ArchB 864 1296
ArchA 648 864
A0 2380 3368
A1 1684 2380
A2 1190 1684
A3 842 1190
A4 595 842
A4Small 595 842
A5 421 595
A6 297 421
A7 210 297
A8 148 210
A9 105 148
A10 74 105
B0 2836 4008
B1 2004 2836
B2 1418 2004
B3 1002 1418
B4 709 1002
B5 501 709
C0 2600 3677
C1 1837 2600
C2 1298 1837
C3 918 1298
C4 649 918
C5 459 649
C6 323 459
Flsa 612 936
Flse 612 936
HalfLetter 396 612
For convenience you can specify the page size by media
(e.g. A4, Ledger, etc.). Otherwise, -page behaves
much like -geometry (e.g. -page letter+43+43>).
To position a GIF image, use -page {+-}<x offset>{+-}<y
offset> (e.g. -page +100+200).
For a Postscript page, the image is sized as in
-geometry and positioned relative to the lower left
hand corner of the page by {+-}<x offset>{+-}<y
offset>. Use -page 612x792>, for example, to center
the image within the page. If the image size exceeds
the Postscript page, it is reduced to fit the page.
The default page dimensions for a TEXT image is
612x792.
This option is used in concert with -density.
-pointsize value
pointsize of the Postscript font.
-quality value
JPEG/MIFF/PNG compression level.
For the JPEG image format, quality is 0 (worst) to 100
(best). The default quality is 75.
Quality for the MIFF and PNG image format sets the
amount of image compression (quality / 10) and filter-
type (quality % 10). Compression quality values range
from 0 (worst) to 100 (best). If filter-type is 4 or
less, the specified filter-type is used for all
scanlines:
0: none
1: sub
2: up
3: average
4: Paeth
If filter-type is 5, adaptive filtering is used when
quality is greater than 50 and the image does not have
a color map, otherwise no filtering is used.
If filter-type is 6 or more, adaptive filtering with
minimum-sum-of-absolute-values is used.
The default is quality is 75. Which means nearly the
best compression with adaptive filtering.
For further information, see the PNG specification (RFC
2083), <http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/TR>.
-rotate degrees{<}{>}
apply Paeth image rotation to the image.
Use > to rotate the image only if its width exceeds the
height. < rotates the image only if its width is less
than the height. For example, if you specify -90> and
the image size is 480x640, the image is not rotated by
the specified angle. However, if the image is 640x480,
it is rotated by -90 degrees.
Empty triangles left over from rotating the image are
filled with the color defined as bordercolor (class
borderColor).
-scene value
number of screen snapshots.
Use this option to grab more than one image from the X
server screen to create an animation sequence.
-screen
This option indicates that the GetImage request used to
obtain the image should be done on the root window,
rather than directly on the specified window. In this
way, you can obtain pieces of other windows that
overlap the specified window, and more importantly, you
can capture menus or other popups that are independent
windows but appear over the specified window.
-silent
operate silently, i.e. don't ring any bells.
-transparency color
make this color transparent within the image.
-treedepth value
Normally, this integer value is zero or one. A zero or
one tells convert to choose a optimal tree depth for
the color reduction algorithm.
An optimal depth generally allows the best
representation of the source image with the fastest
computational speed and the least amount of memory.
However, the default depth is inappropriate for some
images. To assure the best representation, try values
between 2 and 8 for this parameter. Refer to
quantize(9) for more details.
The -colors option is required for this option to take
effect.
-verbose
print detailed information about the image.
This information is printed: image scene number; image
name; image size; the image class (DirectClass or
PseudoClass); the total number of unique colors; and
the number of seconds to read and write the image.
-window id
select window with this id or name.
With this option you can specify the target window by
id or name rather than using the mouse. Specify 'root'
to select X's root window as the target window.
Options are processed in command line order. Any option you
specify on the command line remains in effect until it is
explicitly changed by specifying the option again with a
different effect.
file specifies the image filename. If file is omitted, it
defaults to magick.miff. The default image format is MIFF.
To specify a particular image format, precede the filename
with an image format name and a colon (i.e. gif:image) or
specify the image type as the filename suffix (i.e.
image.jpg). See convert(1) for a list of valid image
formats.
Specify file as - for standard output. If file has the
extension .Z or .gz, the file size is compressed using with
compress or gzip respectively. Precede the image file name
| to pipe to a system command. If file already exists, you
will be prompted as to whether it should be overwritten.
ENVIRONMENT
display
To get the default host, display number, and screen.
SEE ALSO
display(1), animate(1), montage(1), mogrify(1), convert(1),
combine(1), xtp(1)
COPYRIGHT
Copyright (C) 2001 ImageMagick Studio, a non-profit
organization dedicated to making software imaging solutions
freely available.
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
obtaining a copy of this software and associated
documentation files ("ImageMagick"), to deal in ImageMagick
without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute,
sublicense, and/or sell copies of ImageMagick, and to permit
persons to whom the ImageMagick is furnished to do so,
subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall
be included in all copies or substantial portions of
ImageMagick.
The software is provided "as is", without warranty of any
kind, express or implied, including but not limited to the
warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular
purpose and noninfringement. In no event shall ImageMagick
Studio be liable for any claim, damages or other liability,
whether in an action of contract, tort or otherwise, arising
from, out of or in connection with ImageMagick or the use or
other dealings in ImageMagick.
Except as contained in this notice, the name of the
ImageMagick Studio shall not be used in advertising or
otherwise to promote the sale, use or other dealings in
ImageMagick without prior written authorization from the
ImageMagick Studio.
AUTHORS
John Cristy, E.I. du Pont De Nemours and Company
Incorporated
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