The
utility will either list the sessions of specified
usersttys
and
hosts
in reverse time order,
or list the users logged in at a specified date and time.
Each line of output contains
the user name, the tty from which the session was conducted, any
hostname, the start and stop times for the session, and the duration
of the session.
If the session is still continuing or was cut short by
a crash or shutdown,
will so indicate.
The following options are available:
-d date
Specify the snapshot date and time.
All users logged in at the snapshot date and time will
be reported.
This may be used with the
-f
option to derive the results from stored
wtmp
files.
When this argument is provided, all other options except for
-f
and
-n
are ignored.
The argument should be in the form
[[CC YY
]
]
[MM DD
]
hh mm
[.SS
]
where each pair of letters represents the following:
CC
The first two digits of the year (the century).
YY
The second two digits of the year.
If
YY
is specified, but
CC
is not, a value for
YY
between 69 and 99 results in a
CC
value of 19.
Otherwise, a
CC
value of 20 is used.
MM
Month of the year, from 1 to 12.
DD
Day of the month, from 1 to 31.
hh
Hour of the day, from 0 to 23.
mm
Minute of the hour, from 0 to 59.
SS
Second of the minute, from 0 to 61.
If the
CC
and
YY
letter pairs are not specified, the values default to the current
year.
If the
SS
letter pair is not specified, the value defaults to 0.
-f file
Read the file
file
instead of the default,
/var/log/wtmp
-h host
Host
names may be names or internet numbers.
-n maxrec
Limit the report to
maxrec
lines.
-s
Report the duration of the login session in seconds, instead of the
default days, hours and minutes.
-t tty
Specify the
tty
Tty names may be given fully or abbreviated, for example,
``last -t 03
''
is
equivalent to
``last -t tty03
''
-w
Widen the duration field to show seconds, as well as the
default days, hours and minutes.
-y
Report the year in the session start time.
If multiple arguments are given,
and a snapshot time is not specified,
the information which applies to any of the
arguments is printed, e.g.,
``last root -t console
''
would list all of
``root 's
''
sessions as well as all sessions on the console terminal.
If no
users, hostnames or terminals are specified,
prints a record of
all logins and logouts.
The pseudo-user
reboot
logs in at reboots of the system, thus
``last reboot
''
will give an indication of mean time between reboot.
If
is interrupted, it indicates to what date the search has
progressed.
If interrupted with a quit signal
indicates how
far the search has progressed and then continues.
If a login shell should terminate abnormally for some reason, it is likely
that a logout record will not be written to the
wtmp
file.
In this case,
will indicate the logout time as "shutdown".
