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Archive-name: usenet/software/nn/faq/part1
Last-modified: $Date: 2002/07/16 19:29:57 $
Version: $Revision: 20020716.1 $
Posting-Frequency: monthly
This is a living list of frequently asked questions on the Usenet
news reader NN (No News is Good News). The point of this is to
circulate existing information, and avoid rehashing old answers.
Better to build on top than start again. Please read this document
before ever posting to this newsgroup.
This article is posted monthly. If it has already expired and
you're not reading this, you can hope that you saved the
instructions to retrieve the FAQ (see "Where can I get nn") so that
you can get a copy through other means.
Please do not post an answer when someone posts a frequently asked
question; rather, email the relevant section of the FAQ to eliminate
unnecessary traffic in this newsgroup.
This list depends on your comments, additions and fixes: please send
them to Sascha Geschwandtner <mailto:sam@s.netic.de>.
Copyright 1991-1999 Bill Wohler
2000-2002 Sascha Geschwandtner
Permission to use, copy, distribute, and translate this document for
any non-commercial purpose is hereby granted, provided that this
copyright notice appears in all copies. Commercial distributions
require prior written consent.
This article is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: Table of Contents
From: Sascha Geschwandtner <sam@s.netic.de>
Date: 02 Jul 2002
Legend: + new, - deleted, ! changed
__________________
01.00 Introduction
01.01 Why should I use nn?
!01.02 What is the current version of nn?
01.03 Where can I get nn?
01.04 What references exist for nn?
01.05 How should I report bugs?
01.06 How can I convert from rn to nn?
01.07 How can I make life simpler when starting nn for the first time?
01.08 Is there an X interface to nn?
01.09 Can I connect to a remote news server?
_________________
02.00 Building nn
02.01 What machines does nn run on?
02.02 Is it possible to restrict the groups that users have access to?
02.03 Can I set up nn securely?
___________________
03.00 Command Input
____________________
04.00 Selection Mode
04.01 How come nn doesn't show the Lines count?
04.02 Why does nn crash when an invalid letter is selected?
04.03 How do I search for an author in a menu?
04.04 How do I select all articles in one fell swoop?
___________________________
05.00 Reading Mode Commands
05.01 How can I see the original article with the current subject?
05.02 Why do articles without a Lines header appear empty?
05.03 Can the article viewer/pager be changed?
05.04 How can I read MIME (multi-media mail) articles?
05.05 How can I read HTML (World Wide Web, Mosaic) articles?
05.06 Why am I reading cross-posted articles more than once?
05.07 Why do I get a "Canceled or expired" error?
_____________________
06.00 Saving Articles
06.01 How do I save files that I can read later with MH, elm, Mail, ...?
06.02 What's the best way to save multi-part articles?
06.03 When saving in +a/b/c keeps you from saving in +a/b.
06.04 How can I change the default name of a save file?
06.05 Can I save all unread articles non-interactively into a file?
06.06 Can I download news to my PC?
________________________
07.00 Folder Maintenance
07.01 How can I remove old articles from folders?
________________________________________
08.00 Posting and Responding to Articles
08.01 How can I post prewritten articles with nn?
08.02 How can nn automatically append my signature?
08.03 How do I eliminate double signatures?
08.04 Can the signature come from a different file or program?
08.05 How do I save my posts and replies automatically?
08.06 Can I use my editor to edit posts and replies?
08.07 Can I use my mailer to send mail?
08.08 Can nn use aliases when sending mail?
08.09 How can I set a different Organization name?
08.10 How can I make mail replies go to a different machine?
08.11 How can I change how my real name appears?
08.12 How can I customize my mail headers for mail and posting?
08.13 How do I post locally?
08.14 Can I read my mail with nn?
_____________________________
09.00 Jumping to Other Groups
09.01 How can I see which newsgroups are available?
09.02 Why do I get *NO*UPDATE* and what can I do about it?
__________________________________
10.00 Automatic Kill and Selection
10.01 Can non-selected subjects be automatically placed in my kill file?
10.02 Can I automatically kill articles based on the Newsgroups header?
10.03 How can I find all articles having to do with a certain topic?
10.04 Can I select one article in a thread when auto-select-subject set?
10.05 Can one search for patterns in the entire article from the menu?
10.06 How come more articles get selected than I expect?
10.07 Any plans for trn-ish thread following?
10.08 Can one kill articles based on the number of lines?
10.09 Can one kill messages by Internet address?
10.10 Can I kill spam?
_________________________________
11.00 The Format of the Kill File
____________________________
12.00 Miscellaneous Commands
12.01 Can I choose newsgroups as I do articles, ie. with a menu?
12.02 How do I unsubscribe to all groups?
12.03 How can I get nn to stop adding new newsgroups?
____________________
13.00 The Init Files
13.01 How do I customize nn or change nn's behavior?
13.02 How can nn be used when multiple users share the same login?
13.03 Sample init files
___________________________
14.00 Variables and Options
14.01 Setting new-group-action to "ask before adding" doesn't work.
_______________________
15.00 Macro Definitions
15.01 Is there a library of macros and other nn features?
__________________
16.00 Key Mappings
____________________
17.00 Command Groups
_________________________________
18.00 Group Presentation Sequence
18.01 How can I avoid seeing NEW groups?
_______________________________
19.00 NN Maintenance & nnmaster
19.01 Why does nnmaster stop collecting articles at the "junk" group?
19.02 How do I cope with "Incomplete MASTER file"?
19.03 Why isn't nnmaster working?
19.04 Why did nnmaster stop working?
19.05 Why do I get ".../MASTER not found"?
19.06 Why do I get "cannot open 'x' file"
19.07 Why do I get "Lost connection to server foobar"
19.08 Why doesn't nn display messages when not using NNTP?
19.09 Why do I get "Notice: no news has arrived for the last n hours"?
19.10 How can I fix a "Master/GROUPS conflict"?
19.11 Why does expire take so long?
19.12 Why is nn so slow?
________
Appendix
Glossary & Acknowledgments
nn-use-mh
nn_elm
nnalias
nn-use-urlview
nn-use-lynx
------------------------------
Subject: Viewing This Article
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
To skip to a particular question with Subject or number xx, use
"/^S.*xx" with most pagers. In GNU Emacs type "M-C-s ^S.*xx", (or
C-r to search backwards), followed by ESC to end the search.
To skip to new or changed questions, use "/^S.*[!+]" with most pagers and
"M-C-s ^S.*[!+]" in GNU Emacs.
This article is in digest format. nn may have already broken this
message into separate articles; if not, then type "G %". In rn, use
^G to skip sections.
This article is treated as an outline when edited by GNU Emacs. Run
"M-x describe-mode" to see available outline-mode commands. Useful
commands are "M-x hide-body", "C-c C-s" (show-subtree) and "M-x
show-all"
Check out the Usenet Hypertext FAQ Archive (see "What references
exist for nn?"). Files available by ftp, man pages, and other Web
pages, as well as cross-references like the one in this paragraph
are just a click away.
A "Date" field whose time is 00:00:00 is approximate. The month and
year in these fields represent the time they were added to the FAQ,
rather than when they were contributed by the author, as is the case
since November, 1995.
If you should need the Internet address, use nslookup or dig if you
have them, or send mail to mailto:dns@grasp.insa-lyon.fr> with
"help" for a Subject.
------------------------------
Subject: 01.00 ***** Introduction *****
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
------------------------------
Subject: 01.01 Why should I use nn?
From: Kim Storm <storm@olicom.dk>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
nn is a menu based (point and shoot) netnews reader with a complete
set of features to satisfy both the expert and the novice user. Since
its first release in Denmark in 1984 (!), in Europe in 1988, and the
global release in June 1989, it has replaced rn and other well-known
news readers at many sites.
Some of the key features of nn are:
* Menu-based article selection prior to reading the articles with the
articles sorted according to subject and posting time.
This significantly reduces the time spent on news reading. No
keystrokes are wasted on articles you don't want to read, and only
the articles selected on the menu will be read.
* Release 6.4 uses standard .newsrc, and can leave individual
articles unread.
* Digests are automatically split and presented as ordinary articles!
You can transparently save and respond to individual sub-articles.
* Full folder support: read, save, and delete individual articles.
* Online help and manual.
* Built-in unshar and patch functions.
* Built-in uudecode function which will automatically unpack,
concatenate, and decode multi-part postings.
* Easy remapping of keys with advanced macro definition features.
* Automatic kill & selection of articles based on subject or author.
* User specified presentation sequence of news groups based on the
news group hierarchy.
* Whole classes of news groups can easily be unsubscribed
permanently, e.g., talk.all and all.politics
* Related groups can be merged and presented as a single group, e.g.
comp.emacs and all gnu.emacs groups.
* Blindingly fast 'search for subject'. On my Texas S1500 system, nn
uses less than 20 seconds to find all articles on a specific
subject among 64000 articles in all groups!
* News collection and presentation is extremely fast, because nn uses
its own database on top of the standard news system.
* In a distributed environment, the database can be shared among all
hosts on the network. Only one daemon is needed on the news server
for all hosts. This works in a heterogeneous environment as well.
* NNTP is also supported (using a local database for speed).
Because of the database, nn starts almost equally fast (in a few
seconds), no matter whether you have 100 or 10000 unread articles!
The database takes up some disk space, but dramatically improves speed
and functionality. The amount of disk space consumed is approx. 1Mb
per 10000 articles.
From: Nancy McGough <nancym@ii.com>, Tom Christiansen <tchrist@mox.perl.com>
Date: Tue, 1 Nov 1994 00:00:00 -0800
Here's a comparison between nn and trn.
Notation
+ is an advantage
o is neutral
- is a disadvantage
? is something I don't know about
nn 6.4.16
+ Easier macro language.
+ More powerful kill/select abilities (ANDing, ORing).
+ Faster auto killing/selecting.
+ Can split/unsplit digests.
+ Dedicated newsgroup (news.software.nn) for discussion.
+ l command for flagging (with =) and leaving an article to deal
with it later (this is better than trn's M command which just
returns an article as unread next time).
+ Can easily mail a copy of a followup article to the author
you're responding to.
+ Can easily mail articles you read/post to other addresses.
+ Incredibly customizable.
+ Can easily view and organize your folders (both mail and news) with nn.
+ Can merge newsgroups.
+ Can search all (or some) newsgroups for subject and/or author.
+ Can have spell check one of the options before posting/mailing article.
+ Can set default save directory for each newsgroup that is not
necessarily. one of the interpreted strings (e.g., my default
save dir for comp.editors is +vi)
- Can only search on subject and/or author; also author is the
"real name" . rather than full From line
- Macro names limited to 2 characters (as far as I can tell).
- Does not thread (yet).
? More powerful macro language.
trn 3.0
+ Newsgroup selection level is friendlier than nn's A/B
(advance/back) commands (I like being able to see the list of
newsgroups that I say no to).
+ True threading (uses References line).
+ Graphic view of thread ("article tree").
+ Uses NOV (new overview database) for fast searching of headers;
also NOV is used by other newsreaders (eventually nn too).
+ Can search body of article.
+ Can search full header.
+ Can reorder subscription list from within TRN (using m).
+ Can have macro names longer than 2 characters.
+ Active participation by trn developer in newsgroup
(news.software.readers).
+ Can modify the sort order (e.g., most recent at the top).
+ Intrinsic commands for going to root/leaf of a thread (in nn you
need to do this with macros or a sequence of commands)
+ Intrinsic command for auto-selecting your articles.
+ Easy to change attribution line to whatever you want (using ATTRIBUTION).
+ When you post you get lots of blank headers (e.g., Followup-To)
put into your editor.
+ Can easily mail articles you read/post to other addresses
+ Incredibly customizable.
+ Can have spell check one of the options before posting/mailing article.
o Newsgroup (news.software.readers) for discussion but also
contains lots of non-TRN discussion.
- Harder macro language.
------------------------------
Subject: 01.02 What is the current version of nn?
From: Sascha Geschwandtner <sam@s.netic.de>
Date: 02 Jul 2002
The current version of nn is 6.6.4, released on 28 Jun 2002.
The development of nn has been taken over by Michael T. Pins
<mailto:mtpins@nndev.org>. Bug reports, fixes and suggestions
should be sent to him.
All other discussion regarding nn is carried out in news:news.software.nn.
------------------------------
Subject: 01.03 Where can I get nn?
From: Sascha Geschwandtner <sam@s.netic.de>
Date: 24 Feb 2002
The official master site for nn is http://www.nndev.org
via FTP:
the latest version can be found below the following subdirectory:
ftp://ftp.nndev.org/pub/nn-6.6/
In order to find older versions, have a look at the respective
subdirectories in ftp://ftp.nndev.org/pub/.
Unofficial patches to nn can be found in
http://www.math.fu-berlin.de/~guckes/nn/patches. They may later be
incorporated into the source and released.
------------------------------
Subject: 01.04 What references exist for nn?
From: Sascha Geschwandtner <sam@s.netic.de>
Date: 26 Sep 2000
On-line Documents:
http://www.math.fu-berlin.de/~guckes/nn/
http://www.ii.com/internet/messaging/nn/
http://www.faqs.org/faqs/usenet/software/nn/getting-started/
ftp://ftp.halcyon.com/pub/ii/Internet/NN/
Usenet:
news:news.software.nn
This document:
via WWW
http://www.faqs.org/faqs/usenet/software/nn/faq/part1/preamble.html
http://www.cs.ruu.nl/wais/html/na-dir/usenet/software/nn/faq/part1.html
via anonymous ftp:
ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/usenet/software/nn/faq/part1
ftp://ftp.uu.net/archive/usenet/news.answers/usenet/software/nn/faq/part1
ftp://ftp.cs.ruu.nl/pub/NEWS.ANSWERS/usenet/software/nn/faq/part1
via mail:
mailto:mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu
as the body of the message:
send /usenet/news.answers/usenet/software/nn/faq/part1
Signature, Finger, & Customized Headers FAQ:
via WWW:
http://www.faqs.org/faqs/signature_finger_faq/
via anonymous ftp:
ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/signature_finger_faq
via mail:
mailto:mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu
as the body of the message:
send /usenet/news.answers/signature_finger_faq
------------------------------
Subject: 01.05 How should I report bugs?
From: Sascha Geschwandtner <sam@s.netic.de>
Date: 18 Oct 2001
Send them to mtpins@nndev.org.
------------------------------
Subject: 01.06 How can I convert from rn to nn?
From: Ian Taylor <ian@airs.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
Why bother? On our system some people use nn and some people use
rn. In fact, since they both use the same .newsrc format, it is
perfectly possible to use both.
------------------------------
Subject: 01.07 How can I make life simpler when starting nn for the first time?
From: Peter Wemm <peter@dialix.oz.au>
Date: Fri, 1 Oct 1993 00:00:00 -0800
Use nnsub and eep. See the enclosed documentation to see which you
prefer. [note: only available in 6.5.0 beta].
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Aug 1994 00:00:00 -0800
The standard method is to run:
nngrep -a | sed -e 's/ *$/!/' > .newsrc # add \ before ! in csh
and then edit .newsrc, replacing the '!' with a ':' for those
groups you're interested in.
From: Joerg Napp <napp@uni-paderborn.de>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
I think a nice way is to use the catch-up facility. Start nn -a0
and let nn catch up automatically. After some hours restart nn and
unsubscribe to uninteresting groups having news articles. Restart
nn the following day and continue unsubscribing.
After one week, you have a nice .newsrc.
------------------------------
Subject: 01.08 Is there an X interface to nn?
From: Toivo Pedaste <toivo@uniwa.uwa.edu.au>
Date: Tue, 19 Nov 1996 23:54:41 -0800
NN-TK retains the basic structure of screen mode NN where you first
select the articles in a group you want to read and then page
through them. All the old NN commands should still work.
The TCL/TK code provides a GUI interface with command menus and
buttons, the use of the mouse to select articles, a scrolling panel
for displaying articles and group selection using either of
scrolling panel or cascading menus. There is a panel that displays
the Reference thread tree structure. If EXMH is available then there
is also an internal editor for posting items and the ability to send
and read MIME and PGP messages as well as to turn URL's into buttons
for passing to NETSCAPE (or another WWW reader).
The source is in: ftp://ftp.uwa.edu.au/pub/nn/nn-tk.tar.gz 881k
and can be compiled into either nn or nn-tk. The nn version has a
few advantages over the usual nn: there's a command for reloading
the newsgroup info while running and an option for not reading the
active file on startup (useful for slow NNTP connections). This
version will compile under tcl7.6/tk4.2 (as well as 7.4/4.0).
In nn-6.5.1, there is a simple text panel, with highlighting and
mouse sensitivity within an xterm.
------------------------------
Subject: 01.09 Can I connect to a remote news server?
From: Joseph Guerrant <jguer@primenet.com>
Date: 23 Apr 1996 08:50:01 -0700
Yes, as with other newsreaders just set the NNTPSERVER environment
variable (in versions 6.5 and later). E.g.,
NNTPSERVER=news.primenet.com
export NNTPSERVER
------------------------------
Subject: 02.00 ***** Building nn *****
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
------------------------------
Subject: 02.01 What machines does nn run on?
From: Sascha Geschwandtner <sam@s.netic.de>
Date: 24 Feb 2002
Please send updates to mailto:sam@s.netic.de.
Operating systems:
NeXT 1.0 Linux
AIX FreeBSD / NetBSD / OpenBSD
A/UX 1.1, 3.0 Mac OS X
SunOS Motorola System V/88 Release 3
Texas Instruments System 1500 Interactive Unix on 386
dnix 5.2 on DIAB DS90 NCR tower
dnix 5.3 on DIAB DS90 ULTRIX systems
Dynix 3.0 on Symmetry Mips running riscos 4.0 or greater
Fortune 32:16 Riscos 4.5 and later
HP-UX Microport Unix V.2
Amdahl UTS 2.0 Xenix
Dynix/PTX on Symmetry Tandy 68000/Xenix 3.2
Pyramid (and Targon 35) OSF/1
SCO Unix V on 386 Solaris 2.6 or newer
IRIX Siemens SINIX
Hardware platforms:
Amdahl 5890 (big iron) Siemens MX300
AT&T 3b2 Pyramid (and Targon 35)
Convex IBM 6150
DECstation 3100 Silicon Graphics 4D series
Gould PN6000 SPARC processors
HP9000 series 320 and 800 (at least) Sequent Symmetry
Intel 80386 and newer (Pentium etc.) VAX family
Motorola 68000 family Alpha
Motorola 88000 risc MIPS processors
------------------------------
Subject: 02.02 Is it possible to restrict the groups that users have access to?
From: Alexis Rosen <alexis@panix.com>
Date: Fri, 1 Jan 1993 00:00:00 -0800
Create a new group for the people who can read the special groups.
Call it "privnews", for example. (In /etc/group put the user id of
each person who's in that group on that group's line.) Then change
the group of the spool directory which contains the restricted
newsgroup to "privnews" (leaving the owner as news), and set the
mode to 750.
From: Steve Simmons <scs@wotan.iti.org>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
Note that this only works if you are not using NNTP to read news.
There is currently no mechanism that will allow this to work with
NNTP.
------------------------------
Subject: 02.03 Can I set up nn securely?
From: Greg Black <gjb@werple.mira.net.au>
Date: 26 Feb 1995 06:32:05 +1100
It would be trivial to hack nn to first look elsewhere for the
user's init file--which would be owned by root with 644 permissions
in a directory owned by root with 711 permissions. The init file
would have the user's name so the right one would be chosen. If
this special init file was found, then the `G' command could be
disallowed.
Of course, unless the news spool is also protected, the users can
read the articles with other tools, so you'd also need to make nn
setgid and the news spool directories only accessible to that group.
This avoids the problem of users building their own nn, since they
can't make it setgid.
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
Diffs are unfortunately not included, but this is what you can do:
o Set shell-restrictions in the setup file.
o Set and lock *every* variable which is used to execute commands.
o Modify the source to avoid display/save/print files above the
home-directory if shell-restrictions is set (mainly in save.c).
o Modify the source to avoid changing directories if shell-restrictions
is set.
o Modify the source to avoid showing the contents of locked variables.
In particular, the following variables should be locked:
backup-folder-path, backup-suffix, bug-report-address, decode-header-file,
editor, folder, inews, mail, mail-record, mailer, news-record, newsrc,
pager, patch-command, printer, record, spell-checker, unshar-header-file
------------------------------
Subject: 03.00 ***** Command Input *****
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
------------------------------
Subject: 04.00 ***** Selection Mode *****
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
------------------------------
Subject: 04.01 How come nn doesn't show the Lines count?
From: Karl Kleinpaste
Date: Fri, 1 Oct 1993 00:00:00 -0800
C News sites can turn on Lines: header creation (we do here), but
the default has it turned off. I wish more would turn it on, as
several newsreaders put it to use, and it's the most easily
available metric of article size when showing the user a menu of
available articles.
From: Henry Spencer
Date: Fri, 1 Oct 1993 00:00:00 -0800
We're unenthusiastic about Lines:, which is why it's off by default
and little-documented. *The* most easily available metric of
article size is not line count -- which is often slightly wrong, by
the way -- but byte count, which is available without even parsing
the headers.
You can tell C News to add Lines: headers to articles *posted*
locally, but C News has no provision for adding headers to traffic
coming in from other sites. [Specifically, search for the string
"uncomment" in inews, and uncomment those lines. --bw]
From: Peter Wemm <peter@dialix.oz.au>
Date: Fri, 1 Oct 1993 00:00:00 -0800
You'll always get the lines header if you run INN.
------------------------------
Subject: 04.02 Why does nn crash when an invalid letter is selected?
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Tue, 1 Sep 1992 00:00:00 -0800
This is fixed in patch 17.
Your terminal modes will be screwed up after such an event, so
you'll have to type ^J (or LINE-FEED) repeatedly until a prompt is
seen, and then run
stty -sane^J
or
reset
------------------------------
Subject: 04.03 How do I search for an author in a menu?
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Fri, 1 Jan 1993 00:00:00 -0800
Add the following macro to your init file (~/.nn/init) and invoke
via '_' (underscore).
# _ does search on sender (as = does a search on subject)
map menu _ (
:set select-on-sender
find input
:unset select-on-sender
message
)
------------------------------
Subject: 04.04 How do I select all articles in one fell swoop?
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
Type "=.*" and hit return. The pattern ".*" matches all subject lines.
------------------------------
Subject: 05.00 ***** Reading Mode Commands *****
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
------------------------------
Subject: 05.01 How can I see the original article with the current subject?
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
While reading an article, use "G RET RET RET".
------------------------------
Subject: 05.02 Why do articles without a Lines header appear empty?
From: Gary Morris <garym@telesoft.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
This problem only shows up if you have header-lines set to a string
that includes "L". It is suspected that having the line count patch
sets something that makes nn think there is a Lines header and then
the header-string is telling it to display the Lines header but
there isn't one and things get messed up.
------------------------------
Subject: 05.03 Can the article viewer/pager be changed?
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
No. And for good reason. There are too many commands in nn's pager
that less, for example, doesn't know anything about.
------------------------------
Subject: 05.04 How can I read MIME (multi-media mail) articles?
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Sun, 1 May 1994 00:00:00 -0800
Using metamail, you can do one of the following:
"Print" the message. Use the "P" command and:
set printer metamail
"save" the message. Use "s" and specify "|metamail" as a filename.
metamail can be found at:
ftp://ftp.bellcore.com/pub/nsb/mm2.7.tar.Z
------------------------------
Subject: 05.05 How can I read HTML (World Wide Web, Mosaic) articles?
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
Add the following to ~/.nn/init. The "lynxify" script is in the
Appendix.
map show ^F (
save-full "|lynxify"
redraw
)
When reading the article with HTML references, use C-f. Note that
just "ftp://ftp.ii.com/pub/ii" won't be enough; you'd need to see
something like <A HREF="ftp://ftp.ii.com/pub/ii">Nancy McGough,
Infinite Ink</A> for lynx to pick it up.
------------------------------
Subject: 05.06 Why am I reading cross-posted articles more than once?
From: Richard Todd <rmtodd@servalan.servalan.com>
Date: Sun, 1 May 1994 00:00:00 -0800
If you're running INN, edit /usr/lib/news/overview.fmt and uncomment
the line with 'Xref:full' in it. If you're running Cnews with the
NOV patches, you'll have to edit mkov.c (I think) appropriately and
recompile; the code for putting Xref: in the NOV database is in
there, just commented out.
------------------------------
Subject: 05.07 Why do I get a "Canceled or expired" error?
From: Michael T Pins <mtpins@nndev.org>
Date: 18 Jul 2001
For the newsgroup-articles menu, nn looks at the
nnmaster/NOV database, and builds it's list from there.
Only when it attempts to display an article does it try to
open the actual file. If it's not there, it gives the above
message (it has no way of knowing *why* it's not there).
------------------------------
Subject: 06.00 ***** Saving Articles *****
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
------------------------------
Subject: 06.01 How do I save files that I can read later with MH, elm, Mail, ...?
From: Sven Guckes <guckes@math.fu-berlin.de>
Date: Wed, 28 Feb 96 14:45 MET
Run the following (or add it to your init file) to prevent the
addition of a `~' prefix in front each line of the header of saved
messages.
:unset embedded-header-escape
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Mon, 27 Nov 1995 19:19:07 -0800
MH:
Save your files with +$F/$N. For example, if you save message 10
in news.software.nn in this way, you will create a file called
~/News/news/software/nn/10. If you have a symbolic link from
~/Mail/news to ~/News, then you can look at your saved nn
messages with "scan +news/news/software/nn".
This method stands a small chance of overwriting existing
messages if you add messages to these folders outside of news.
You may also wish to run "folder -pack" occasionally to renumber
the messages starting with 1. Brian's solution below avoids
these problems.
Mail
Add "set mail-format" to your init file.
From: Brian Exelbierd <bex@usa.net>
Date: Sun, 12 Nov 1995 15:40:51 -0500
The following script allows the easy saving of articles into any MH
folder, giving the article a message number one higher than the
current highest messge. It deliberately does not provide group name
defaulting.
Add the following to your init file:
set default-save-file |nnsave2mh
Where nnsave2mh looks like:
if test $1; then
cat <&0 > `mhpath new +$1`
else
cat <&0 > `mhpath new +news`
fi
When you save in nn, you'll be prompted by "|nnsave2mh". Enter the
name of the folder (minus the `+'); otherwise, the message will be
saved in +news.
------------------------------
Subject: 06.02 What's the best way to save multi-part articles?
From: Kim Storm <storm@olicom.dk>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
All you have to do is to save the articles from the menu, e.g.
W(rite) +file.* a b c d... <space>
where a b c d... are the articles on the menu you want to save. You
can also save the selected articles on the menu with * (only on
current page) or + (on all menu pages).
------------------------------
Subject: 06.03 When saving in +a/b/c keeps you from saving in +a/b.
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>, Andrew Swann <swann@imada.ou.dk>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
This happens when default-save-file is $F. Try changing
default-save-file to $F/$N (my favorite) to get, for example,
+news/software/nn/1022, or $G to put everything in
+news.software.nn. Finally, if you really did want the behavior of
+$F, a compromise would be to use +$F. (Andrew's favorite) instead
(one can use anything other than '.').
From: Harry Herman <herman@corpane.uucp>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
Alternatively, use +$F/$L, to place articles for news.software.nn in
the file +/news/software/nn/nn. This has two advantages:
1) You can later read through the folder "nn" and save some of the
articles under new folder names having to do with the topic. For
example, you might save auto-select topics under +$F/auto-sel,
that is, +/news/software/nn/auto-sel.
2) If at a later date, a new newsgroup is added below nn, articles
can still be saved under that subgroup since +/news/software/nn is
already a directory, not a folder.
------------------------------
Subject: 06.04 How can I change the default name of a save file?
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Aug 1994 00:00:00 -0800
The variable default-save-file controls how files are named. By
default, the value of default-save-file is +$F (components of the
newsgroup become directories, last component is the file name).
This isn't a good idea (see also "When saving in +a/b/c keeps you
from saving in +a/b"). However, most sites change that to +$G (file
has the same name as the newsgroup) in the system init file.
From: Sven Guckes <guckes@inf.fu-berlin.de>
Date: Mon, 1 Aug 1994 00:00:00 -0800
You can also set default save files on a per-newsgroup level. To do
this, add the default save file to the newsgroup in your sequence
(in ~/.nn/init). For example,
news.software.nn +nn
From: Alex Martelli <alex@uqbar.cirfid.unibo.it>
Date: Mon, 1 Aug 1994 00:00:00 -0800
If you don't want to have any default at all, add
unset suggest-default-save
to ~/.nn/init.
------------------------------
Subject: 06.05 Can I save all unread articles non-interactively into a file?
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
(See "Can I download news to my PC?").
From: Gerald Oskoboiny <gerald@amisk.cs.ualberta.ca>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
Yes, use the nnbatch(1) program.
First, define an init file to select and save the articles. For example:
set flow-control false
unset embedded-header-escape
on entry talk.bizarre
'=' "^" 'S' "~/collected/$N" '+'
end
sequence
talk.bizarre
Then use nnbatch with this init file:
nnbatch -Iinit2 talk.bizarre 2>&1 > /dev/null
The above setup saves the entire newsgroup, but you could easily
change it to use auto-selection with a killfile. Maybe:
on entry comp.*
'S' "+$G/$N" '+'
end
------------------------------
Subject: 06.06 Can I download news to my PC?
From: Sascha Geschwandtner
Date: 18 Oct 2001
There are suck, newsx and quite a few other programs out there you
may find worth looking at. Many of them are designed to fetch articles
via NNTP and to feed them to a local news server (INN, Diablo, etc.).
Some other programs, e.g. slrn-pull, are written with a newsreader
in mind that accesses the news spool - this is where the news articles
are usually stored - directly, not via a news server. Current versions
of nn can deal with this via nnmaster.
NOTE: This is not recommended, since future versions of nn will probably
not support this anymore, so you should use the method mentioned first.
(See also "Can I save all unread articles non-interactively into a
file?").
------------------------------
Subject: 07.00 ***** Folder Maintenance *****
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
------------------------------
Subject: 07.01 How can I remove old articles from folders?
From: Kim Storm <storm@olicom.dk>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
Just open the folder in the usual way and C(ancel) the articles you
want to remove from the folder. When you leave the folder, nn will
rewrite the folder with the "cancel"ed articles removed.
------------------------------
Subject: 08.00 ***** Posting and Responding to Articles *****
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
------------------------------
Subject: 08.01 How can I post prewritten articles with nn?
From: Kim Storm <storm@olicom.dk>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
nnpost will construct the header for the posted article, so it
requires several arguments to be specified before the article is
posted, e.g. a newsgroup name and a subject. If some arguments are
missing, nnpost will prompt for the missing arguments.
If your pre-written article includes a full header, then you should
not use nnpost; instead you should feed the article to "inews -h"
directly (which is what nnpost does after building the header from
the arguments).
------------------------------
Subject: 08.02 How can nn automatically append my signature?
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Tue, 1 Nov 1994 00:00:00 -0800
Put your signature in a file called .signature in your home
directory, and use:
set append-signature-post
set append-signature-mail # if desired
set query-signature # if you want confirmation.
(See also "How do I eliminate double signatures?") and (See also
"Can the signature come from a different file or program?") and the
Signature FAQ (see also "What references exist for nn?")
------------------------------
Subject: 08.03 How do I eliminate double signatures?
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
Double signatures occur when both nn and inews append $HOME/.signature.
If you want just inews to append your signature, use:
unset append-signature-post
This is actually the default, but you can unset this variable if
your nn administrator has mistakenly turned it on.
If you want just nn to append your signature, move your signature to
some other place than $HOME/.signature (see also "Can the signature
come from a different file or program?").
------------------------------
Subject: 08.04 Can the signature come from a different file or program?
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Tue, 1 Nov 1994 00:00:00 -0800
If you want nn to append your .signature file, you can copy nn's aux
file (ie. /usr/local/lib/nn/aux) to your .nn directory and set the
mail-script and news-script variables to ~/.nn/aux. In your copy of
the aux script, you can either specify a different place for your
.signature file (like $HOME/.nn/signature) or you can get fancy: you
can use specific .signatures for certain groups (saved in variable
"G"), or use the output of a program.
See also the Signature FAQ (see also "What references exist for nn?").
From: Tom Christiansen <tchrist@perl.com>
Date: Tue, 1 Nov 1994 00:00:00 -0800
Tired of the same old signature? Want different signatures for
different newsgroups? Here's a program to help you out.
The way it works is to have .signature be a named pipe, so if you
don't have named points, just say 'n'.
The sigrand program then feeds stuff down the pipe everytime someone
wants to read it. That way it works for more than just news, but
for anything that wants to read your .signature, like a mailer.
You have your choice of three kinds of signatures:
1) random (short) fortune from "fortune -s"; you get these if
you don't have a global sig file.
2) random fortune from ~/News/SIGNATURES [global sig file]
3) random fortune form ~/News/(newsgroup)/SIGNATURES [local sig files]
Send mail for more details.
------------------------------
Subject: 08.05 How do I save my posts, followups and replies automatically?
From: Don Mullins <mullins@convex.com>
Date: Tue, 1 Sep 1992 00:00:00 -0800
In your nn init file, use the following lines:
set news-record file
set mail-record file
to place posts and followups in one file and replies in another, or
to put everything in a single file, use:
set record file
Replace "file" with the absolute path (~ == home directory ok) of
your desired file. All files are saved in mailbox format.
------------------------------
Subject: 08.06 Can I use my editor to edit posts and replies?
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Aug 1994 00:00:00 -0800
Yes. Set the environment variable EDITOR as desired. If you like
emacs:
$ EDITOR=emacs; export EDITOR # sh, ksh, bash
% setenv EDITOR emacs # csh, tcsh.
Alternatively, you can add:
set editor emacs
to ~/.nn/init.
From: epstein@ta6.cs.uiuc.edu (Milt Epstein)
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
If you need to pass arguments to your editor, create a script which
contains your editor and desired arguments. For example:
#!/bin/sh
/local/all/emacs -nw ${1+"$@"}
Then set your EDITOR or editor variables, as above, to this script.
------------------------------
Subject: 08.07 Can I use my mailer to send mail?
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Thu, 1 Dec 1994 00:00:00 -0800
Yes. See the variables mail-script, mailer, and mailer-pipe-input.
The following show how you can have nn use elm and MH to deliver
mail. Note that you are not placed "in" your mailer--the mailer is
merely used to deliver a message that you've already completed.
The original idea of using MH (namely, comp) to send mail from nn
came from Jaap Vermeulen <mailto:jaap@sequent.com>, but he wouldn't
recognize what I did to it. I also used suggestions from John
Romine <mailto:jromine@ics.uci.edu>, Tom McCain
<mailto:tom@dynamo.ecn.purdue.edu>, and Brian Exelbierd
<mailto:bex@usa.net>.
Add
set mail-script nn-use-mh
to your init file. See Appendix "nn-use-mh" for the script.
In addition, you can contact Ray Davis <mailto:rdavis@convex.com>
for some scripts that sort of turn nn into a MH front end by
providing macros to save, delete and refile articles in MH folders.
To use elm to send the messages, add the following to ~/.nn/init:
set mailer nn_elm
unset mailer-pipe-input
and see Appendix "nn_elm" for the script.
------------------------------
Subject: 08.08 Can nn use aliases when sending mail?
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Thu, 1 Dec 1994 00:00:00 -0800
Yes. See the variable mail-alias-expander, and use the script in
Appendix "nnalias." You don't need to bother though if you've set
the "mailer" variable to a mail program that handles aliases
already.
------------------------------
Subject: 08.09 How can I set a different Organization name?
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Tue, 1 Sep 1992 00:00:00 -0800
(See "How can I customize my mail headers for mail and
posting?")
------------------------------
Subject: 08.10 How can I make mail replies go to a different machine?
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Tue, 1 Sep 1992 00:00:00 -0800
(See "How can I customize my mail headers for mail and
posting?")
------------------------------
Subject: 08.11 How can I change how my real name appears?
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Tue, 1 Sep 1992 00:00:00 -0800
On BSD Unix systems, you can run the command chfn(1) to change your
real name. If you don't want to do this, or can't, please (see also
"How can I customize my mail headers for mail and posting?")
------------------------------
Subject: 08.12 How can I customize my mail headers for mail and posting?
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Tue, 1 Sep 1992 00:00:00 -0800
Headers can be modified or appended to by creating the variables
mail-header (for replies) and news-header (for posts and followups)
in the init file. You can include any headers that you want;
separate multiple headers with semi-colons. For example:
set mail-header From: Joe Smith <js@cc.edu>;Reply-To: js@cc.edu;
Organization: CC University
set news-header From: Joe Smith <js@cc.edu>;Reply-To: js@cc.edu;
Organization: CC University
Note that these lines are split for readability--the value of these
variables must appear on a single line. In addition, do not insert a
space between semi-colons and the next header.
A Reply-To header is useful when your system generates either an
unwanted or blatantly wrong return address for you. If this header
is present, then mailers use it instead of the system generated From
header.
A From header is useful when you want to change how your real name
appears to nn readers, but you don't want to change it (or can't) on
your system. Warning: only do this if you're sure you can create a
RFC 822 compliant From header.
------------------------------
Subject: 08.13 How do I post locally?
From: Sven Guckes <guckes@inf.fu-berlin.de>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
Post to local news hierarchies.
The "Distribution:" header field is often ignored these days.
------------------------------
Subject: 08.14 Can I read my mail with nn?
From: Bob MacDowell <bobmacd@netcom.com>
Date: Mon, 1 May 1995 00:00:00 -0800
Yes. Move your mbox into mbox.1, for example, since nn does not
handle file locking. Then:
nn mbox.1
Here's an example ~/.nn/init file that will accomplish this:
set header-lines *CAnW
map show m next-article
sequence
NEW RC
You can also use 'nn -f mbox.1 in which case it'll not sort them at
all; just show them in the sequence it finds them in the file.
Sometimes this is handy.
Another *neat* trick is that you can compress mail-files with nn:
nn elbows.1 open the mail-file
= select by Subject
^ RET select all articles (with a beginning)
O output to file, but strip most of the headers
mbox.1a RET y specify filename, and yes, create it
+ output all selected articles
This procedure results in a 20-40% reduction in file size, by
tossing all the "Received:", "Errors-To:", "X-Mailer:",
"NNTP-Posting-Host:", etc. header fields.
------------------------------
Subject: 09.00 ***** Jumping to Other Groups *****
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
------------------------------
Subject: 09.01 How can I see which newsgroups are available?
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Fri, 1 Oct 1993 00:00:00 -0800
Also try using '?' when going to a group with the 'G' command. Note
that successive '?'s will display more groups when there is not
enough room to display all choices at once. Group completion is
achieved with ' ' (space).
Finally, the programs "nnsub" or "eep" can be used to easily view
newsgroup names and descriptions and also to subscribe to groups.
These programs are in the "contrib" area of the sources in 6.5.0.
From: Sven Guckes <guckes@math.fu-berlin.de>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
To see a list of all news groups with a short description, use the
command ":post" and type '?'. To list groups that match a regular
expression (ie. pattern), use "/pattern" instead of '?'.
------------------------------
Subject: 09.02 Why do I get *NO*UPDATE* and what can I do about it?
From: Sven Guckes <guckes@inf.fu-berlin.de>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
When entering a group with a search command nn does not do updates
as it assumes you are only "visiting" this group to look up some
text. In this case, nn enters a new "level" of information
retrieval, indicated by "<level 2>". It also tells you that there
won't be any updates by the "*NO*UPDATE*" on the top of the menu.
If you want to go to a group and *read* it (that is, you want nn to
remember which articles you have read, selected, or left for
reading) then you must *jump* to it. Use the 'G' command followed
by the 'j' (jump) subcommand.
------------------------------
Subject: 10.00 ***** Automatic Kill and Selection *****
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
------------------------------
Subject: 10.01 Can non-selected subjects be automatically placed in my kill file?
From: Keld J|rn Simonsen <keld@dkuug.dk>
Date: Fri, 1 Jan 1993 00:00:00 -0800
The two variables, ignore-re and auto-select-rw, accomplish this
task. They are available in version 6.5.0. In the meantime,
patches may be obtained from ftp://dkuug.dk/pub/nn6.4/nn6.4.killunread.
------------------------------
Subject: 10.02 Can I automatically kill articles based on the Newsgroups header?
From: Richard M. Mathews <richard@locus.com>, Dave Shaver <shaver@convex.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
This is how one can automatically kill crossposted articles, etc.
First, manually either add the following to your .newsrc to mark all
articles read forever:
alt.flame: 1-2147483647
or add the following to your .nn/kill file to kill all articles in
the group:
alt.flame:!s/:^
The former method may break down if you ever use nngoback to reset
numbers in your .newsrc. The latter method could cause difficulty
if you ever actually want to read articles in that group.
Near the top of your sequence in your init file put
!alt.flame.
alt.flame
This makes alt.flame, but not its subgroups, be included as the first
thing in your sequence; so all articles in it are killed before they
appear in any other groups. You might want to put NEW above this so
you can see if new groups are getting off to a bad start with lots of
alt.flame crossposting. Later in the sequence put
% alt %
This allows the rest of the alt hierarchy, including subgroups such
as alt.flame.spelling (if you subscribe to it), to get included at
that point in the sequence.
Along with using the default settings of cross-filter-seq=true and
cross-post=false, this works fine to nuke the crossposted articles.
------------------------------
Subject: 10.03 How can I find all articles having to do with a certain topic?
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
nngrab invokes nn on all articles whose subject or keyword fields
contain a desired keyword. This shows one how important it is to
use descriptive subjects and keywords when posting articles. For
more information, read the manual page.
------------------------------
Subject: 10.04 Can I select one article in a thread when auto-select-subject set?
From: Steven Grady <grady@fx.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
Define the following macro to toggle auto-select-subject.
map menu A (
:local auto-select-subject
:toggle auto-select-subject
?auto-select-subject=on echo "Auto-select on"
?auto-select-subject=off echo "Auto-select off"
)
Use the '.' command.
------------------------------
Subject: 10.05 Can one search for patterns in the entire article from the menu?
From: Peter Wemm <peter@dialix.oz.au>
Date: Fri, 1 Oct 1993 00:00:00 -0800
No. However, in 6.5.0, there will be an additional option under the
'G' command to create a submenu containing articles that contain the
desired string. As it is not yet well tested, it will be a compile
time feature.
------------------------------
Subject: 10.06 How come more articles get selected than I expect?
From: Dave Hayes <dave@elxr.jpl.nasa.gov>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
Check the setting of subject-match-parts. If this is on, then your subjects
are considered matched if they match up to the first digit. For example
if subject-match-parts is on, the subjects:
someprogram Part 1/5
someprogram Part 2/5
are considered matches. So are
v12345: someprogram Part 1/5
v12346: anotherprogram Part 1/23
as the "v" is identical up to the first digit. If you want to use
subject-match-parts in a "comp.sources" type group, set
subject-match-offset (the character position that matches are
started from) to be beyond any digits that might appear in the first
part of the subject.
------------------------------
Subject: 10.07 Any plans for trn-ish thread following?
From: John Henders <jhenders@bogon.com>
Date: Tue, 21 May 1996 03:47:28 -0700
tk-nn supports this with a nice window (assuming you like the gui it
provides), but even better for long-time nn fans, if you compile
tk-nn without the tk options enabled, there's as new sort-mode 5
that threads the articles quite well. It still seems to suffer from
NN's confusion over various timezone headers, but it's a definate
improvement over the old sort mode.
------------------------------
Subject: 10.08 Can one kill articles based on the number of lines?
From: Toivo Pedaste <toivo@uniwa.uwa.edu.au>
Date: 20 Apr 1997 09:21:21 GMT
The nn-tk version (which can also be compiled as normal character-
based nn) can do that. (See also "Is there an X interface to nn?")
------------------------------
Subject: 10.09 Can one kill messages by Internet address?
From: Sven Guckes <guckes@math.fu-berlin.de>
Date: 23 Aug 1995 14:38:22 GMT
No, not with NN.
------------------------------
Subject: 10.10 Can I kill spam?
From: Kristian Koehntopp <kris@koehntopp.de>
Date: 17 Jan 1997 10:42:11 GMT
Christian Weisgerber suggested
:!s/=:^[^a-z][^a-z]*$
to kill any subject that doesn't have any lowercase letters in it
and being careful not to kill empty subjects.
------------------------------
Subject: 11.00 ***** The Format of the Kill File *****
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
------------------------------
Subject: 12.00 ***** Miscellaneous Commands *****
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
------------------------------
Subject: 12.01 Can I choose newsgroups as I do articles, ie. with a menu?
From: Peter Wemm <peter@dialix.oz.au>
Date: Fri, 1 Oct 1993 00:00:00 -0800
No, not yet. Sorry. However, progress in this direction has been
made--if you care to finish the work, please contact me.
Outside of nn, you may wish to check out eep which is in the
contributed area in 6.5.0.
(See also "How can see which newsgroups are available?")
------------------------------
Subject: 12.02 How do I unsubscribe to all groups?
From: Sven Guckes <guckes@math.fu-berlin.de>
Date: Mon, 1 Mar 1993 00:00:00 -0800
The file .newsrc in your home directory contains the information
about the newsgroups, their subscription status and the numbers of
the read articles. A colon (':') indicates a subscribed group, and
an exclamation mark ('!') indicates an unsubscribed group. All you
need to do for unsubscribing to all newsgroups is to edit .newsrc.
You can do this with your favourite editor, or
sed -e 's/:/!/' $HOME/.newsrc > foo
mv foo .newsrc
If you use csh, you have to escape the '!' with a '\'.
------------------------------
Subject: 12.03 How can I get nn to stop adding new newsgroups?
From: Jason A Chase <jchase@netcom.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Aug 1994 00:00:00 -0800
Add
set new-group-action 0
to ~/.nn/init.
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Aug 1994 00:00:00 -0800
However, what you might want to do instead is not see new groups in
selected hierarchies. I've added the following to my sequence (in
~/.nn/init):
# Don't bother with new groups in these hierarchies.
!:N alt,de,u3b,vmsnet,eunet,bionet,bit,biz,trial,psi,k12,nirvana
The key one is alt!
------------------------------
Subject: 13.00 ***** The Init Files *****
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
------------------------------
Subject: 13.01 How do I customize nn or change nn's behavior?
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
Modify the file ~/.nn/init. See the section "The Init Files" in the
man page for more details. So that you know what else might be
affecting nn, here's the beginning of that chapter:
The init files are used to customize nn's behavior to local
conventions and restrictions and to satisfy each user's personal
taste. Normally, nn reads up to three init files on start-up if
they exist (all init files are optional):
$LIB/setup
A system-wide file located in the library directory. This file
is always loaded before any other init file (even when the -I
option is specified). It cannot contain a group presentation
sequence.
$LIB/init
Another system-wide (global) init file located in the library
directory. This file may be ignored via the -I option.
~/.nn/init
The private init file located in the user's .nn directory. It
is read after the global init file to allow the user to change
the default setup.
------------------------------
Subject: 13.02 How can nn be used when multiple users share the same login?
From: Nancy McGough <nancym@ii.com>, Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Tue, 1 Nov 1994 00:00:00 -0800
Create aliases of the form:
alias nn-userN 'nn -I$HOME/.nn/init-userN' # csh
alias nn-userN='nn -I$HOME/.nn/init-userN' # bash, ksh
Where $HOME/.nn/init-userN are separate init files for the users (or
different environments). Ensure that the following variables are
different between the files:
newsrc
news-header
news-record
mail-header
mail-record
folder
sequence
------------------------------
Subject: 13.03 Sample init files
From: Sven Guckes <guckes@math.fu-berlin.de>
Date: Wed, 29 Nov 1995 01:39:09 +0100
http://www.math.fu-berlin.de/~guckes/setup/init
http://www.math.fu-berlin.de/~guckes/setup/seq
------------------------------
Subject: 14.00 ***** Variables and Options *****
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
------------------------------
Subject: 14.01 Setting new-group-action to "ask before adding" doesn't work.
From: Peter Wemm <peter@dialix.oz.au>
Date: Fri, 1 Oct 1993 00:00:00 -0800
Take NEW out of your sequence--it's redundant.
There was also a small bug (fixed in 6.5.0) which caused it to
not to work in certain situations.
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
By the way, if you find that taking NEW out of your sequence has no
effect, it may be that you're being affected by the system init file
(usually in /usr/local/lib/nn/init). If this is the case, add "@"
to the beginning of your sequence, like this, which causes the
system init file to be ignored:
sequence
@
------------------------------
Subject: 15.00 ***** Macro Definitions *****
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
------------------------------
Subject: 15.01 Is there a library of macros and other nn features?
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
When complete, it will be a companion posting to this one. If you
have not mailed me <mailto:wohler@newt.com> your init file, or you
have made substantial changes since the last time, please send it
in. If anyone is handy in perl or awk and would like to write some
scripts to reduce multiple init files to variable summaries (like
the one I posted a long time ago), macro definitions and
presentation sequence tricks, I would like to talk to you.
From: Nancy McGough <nancym@ii.com>
Date: Tue, 1 Nov 1994 00:00:00 -0800
In the meantime, check out ftp://ftp.ii.com/pub/ii/Internet/NN.
------------------------------
Subject: 16.00 ***** Key Mappings *****
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
------------------------------
Subject: 17.00 ***** Command Groups *****
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
------------------------------
Subject: 18.00 ***** Group Presentation Sequence *****
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
------------------------------
Subject: 18.01 How can I avoid seeing NEW groups?
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Mon, 1 May 1995 00:00:00 -0800
Use the !:N entry in the init file sequence.
# Don't bother with new groups in these hierarchies.
!:N alt,u3b,vmsnet,bionet,bit,biz,trial,psi,k12,nirvana,seattle,courts
------------------------------
Subject: 19.00 ***** NN Maintenance & nnmaster *****
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
------------------------------
Subject: 19.01 Why does nnmaster stop collecting articles at the "junk" group?
From: Kim Storm <storm@olicom.dk>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
This can occur when you access news via NNTP. Older nntp servers
have a limitation of 4000 articles in a group, and junk may easily
exceed this which makes the nntp server crash.
To overcome the problem, edit the GROUPS file to add the X flag on
the junk group, run nnmaster -G, and then nnmaster will ignore the
junk group.
From: Mark Rawling <Mark.Rawling@mel.dit.csiro.au>
Date: Mon, 1 Mar 1993 00:00:00 -0800
In nntp_dir/common/conf.h, you can either increase MAX_GROUPS
(normally 4096) or you can set #define DYNAMIC_ART_ARRAY (normally
#undefed). In either case, you obviously have to recompile nntp.
Normally, new groups are added as they come in, but the news
administrator should monitor the junk newsgroup and either make new
newsgroups for the orphan messages, or ensure that the feed stops
sending bogus messages.
------------------------------
Subject: 19.02 How do I cope with "Incomplete MASTER file"?
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
(See "Why isn't nnmaster working?")
------------------------------
Subject: 19.03 Why isn't nnmaster working?
From: "R. Stewart Ellis" <ellis@nova.gmi.edu>
Date: 12 Nov 1996 03:16:40 GMT
I have solved the problem for once and for all: I no longer run
nnmaster, but depend on the much more standard NOV database. I have
also been one of the people encouraging the new maintainer of the
code to expunge all the nnmaster cruft. That will definitely fix
nnmaster.
From: Stew Ellis <ellis@nova.gmi.edu>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
After the make, did you remember to:
Run ./inst <options> to install the files?
Run ./inst INIT to initialize the database?
Nnmaster mails error messages to the user who owns him (typically
"news"). Check this mailbox for clues.
If nnmaster -r or -D did not work, then neither did nnmaster -I (or
./inst INIT from the install directory). Once you fix the
permissions (see Paul's answer below), you need to rerun the
initialization step.
From: David R. Hieb <David.R.Hieb@magi.rootgroup.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
If nnmaster dies and updates the Log file with "Incomplete MASTER
file", it could be you're not running the latest version.
From: Paul Bickerstaff <pbickers@tamaluit.phys.uidaho.edu>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
If, when you start your nnmaster, it just exits quietly, it could be
that your permissions are incorrect. Ensure that all directories in
the nn library are owned by news (or the owner that you configured
nn with).
From: Jim Jagielski <jim@jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov>
Date: Tue, 1 Sep 1992 00:00:00 -0800
Make sure that there is a 'news' entry in passwd and group since
nnmaster is run setuid/setgid to news and the files and directories
that nnmaster needs to access are owned and writable by news.
Another problem could be in the way it is started. Two related
solutions are presented.
From: David B. Thomas <dt@yenta.alb.nm.us>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
/etc/rc exits before the child has had the chance to setpgrp().
Putting "sleep 5" at the end of /etc/rc fixed it.
From: Jeffery Small <jeff@cjsa.wa.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
Another similar solution involved inserting a "sleep 10" at the
beginning of /etc/daemons/nnmaster.init file.
From: David R. Hieb <David.R.Hieb@magi.rootgroup.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
It could be you're not running the latest version.
------------------------------
Subject: 19.04 Why did nnmaster stop working?
From: Phil Howard <pdh@netcom.com>
Date: Sun, 1 May 1994 00:00:00 -0800
Perhaps you have a corrupted database that can't be fixed. In this
case, run "./inst INIT" from the installation procedure.
From: Stew Ellis <ellis@nova.gmi.edu>
Date: Mon, 1 Aug 1994 00:00:00 -0800
nnmaster may exit when it encounters a corrupt header in an article
from a nntpserver. Restart nnmaster in debug mode (nnmaster -D) to
see which group contains the offending article. Ignore this group
until the offending article has expired by editing the GROUPS file,
adding the `X' flag to the newsgroup and running "nnmaster -G".
Restart collection of the newsgroup by removing the `X' flag and
running "nnmaster -G".
(See also "Why isn't nnmaster working?")
------------------------------
Subject: 19.05 Why do I get ".../MASTER not found"?
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Tue, 1 Sep 1992 00:00:00 -0800
The problem of the NN port to the Atari ST is, that you have to
build an "active" file (NN format, not HERMES-like!!) in
/usr/lib/news before running nnadmin -I.
You can build this file by using the included "buildact.tos."
Buildact.tos creates a Unix-like /usr/lib/news/active from
/usr/lib/hermes/active.
------------------------------
Subject: 19.06 Why do I get "cannot open 'x' file"
From: Sami Tikka <Sami.Tikka@hut.fi>
Date: Fri, 1 Jan 1993 00:00:00 -0800
If you get a message like,
Fatal system error:
alt.activism (6): cannot open 'x' file (mode=82, errno=2)
you haven't initialized your database. As root, run the following
command "./inst INIT" in the nn source directory. See the file
INSTALLATION for more information.
------------------------------
Subject: 19.07 Why do I get "Lost connection to server foobar"
From: Jeff Beckley <beckley@qualcomm.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Mar 1993 00:00:00 -0800
It's possible that the two database files for a newsgroup (nnn.x and
nnn.d) don't exist. Go into nnadmin and force a recollect of the
newsgroup. Most of the newsgroups (which are missing nnn.x and
nnn.d files) after the first problem newsgroup might be
automatically collected without a problem. If there are a large
number of these problem groups, it might be easier just to rebuild
the whole database: kill nnmaster, run "./inst INIT" as root in the
source directory and restart nnmaster.
If the group in question has too many articles (>4000), it will
cause older NNTP implementations to choke (see "Why does nnmaster
stop collecting articles at the "junk" group?" for a fix).
From: Darren Hosking <dmh@tusc.com.au>
Date: Tue, 1 Nov 1994 00:00:00 -0800
These are not relevant if you use NOV and not nnmaster.
------------------------------
Subject: 19.08 Why doesn't nn display messages when not using NNTP?
From: Michael Masterson <mjm@thumper.progcons.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Aug 1994 00:00:00 -0800
If the database was built with NNTP, then nn has to use NNTP to read
the messages. This is not true in the other direction: nn clients
can use NNTP to read the messages from a database built via NFS.
The moral: build the database via NFS if you intend to use nn with
either NFS or NNTP.
------------------------------
Subject: 19.09 Why do I get "Notice: no news has arrived for the last n hours"?
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Aug 1994 00:00:00 -0800
(See "Why did nnmaster stop working?").
------------------------------
Subject: 19.10 How can I fix a "Master/GROUPS conflict"?
From: Guan-Hsong Hsu <ghsu@unstable.nswc.navy.mil>
Date: Tue, 1 Nov 1994 00:00:00 -0800
Run "nnmaster -G".
------------------------------
Subject: 19.11 Why does expire take so long?
From: "Eric M. Boehm" <boehmer@rcs000.sch.ge.com>
Date: Mon, 1 May 1995 00:00:00 -0800
Use the -E2 flag with nnmaster(8) to use a faster expiration
strategy.
------------------------------
Subject: 19.12 Why is nn so slow?
From: David B Funk <dbfunk@icaen.uiowa.edu>
Date: 7 Jun 1994 03:31:36 GMT
If it takes a long time to read data from a newsgroup when changing
groups, it sounds like nn is not getting NOV data from your news
server or your news server does not have a complete NOV database. If
nn has been built to use NOV and your news server does not support
it, nn will do the threading "on the fly" (it it will get the
headers for each article and build the threads info before it returns
to you). If your news server is built to support NOV but the
.overview files do not have complete data, the news server will
build the NOV data "on the fly" in response to each XOVER
command. Either way, you will see that kind of behaivor (slow group
entry).
If you have just started up NOV on your news system, its database will be
incomplete. You need to run 'expireover' with the '-a' command to build the
initial database.
To debug the situation, turn on nnrpd tracing for a newsreading
session. Fire up 'nn' then on the news server identify your 'nnrpd'
process and hit it with a "SIGHUP" signal (see nnrpd man page) to
turn on tracing. Then do a 'tail -f' on your "nntp" syslog file to
see the logged commands. In particular watch for 'XOVER' commands
and see how long they take.
Alternatively, telnet to the "nntp" port on your news server, do a
"group" command to a known newsgroup, then do a "xover 1-99999" and
watch the output. You should get almost instant output with one line
for each article in the group. If that is fast, then 'nn' is at
fault, if that is slow, then the server has problems.
------------------------------
Subject: Glossary
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>,
Richard Mathews <richard@astro.West.Sun.COM>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
MIME "Multi-purpose Internet Mail Extensions" (see RFC 1521).
Allows for transmission of binary data and of text using
international character sets.
NNTP "Network News Transport Protocol" (see RFC 977). Used
when transmitting news between servers or between reader
and server.
C News A news server. Successor to A News and B News.
INN "Inter-Network News". Another news server.
NOV "News OverView". A feature of INN and an add-on package
to C News which allows saving "overview" files summarizing
the contents of each newsgroup.
XOVER An extension to NNTP to allow access to "overview"
information.
------------------------------
Subject: Acknowledgments
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
I'd like to thank the following people for providing ideas on the
layout of this article:
Joe Wells <jbw@bigbird.bu.edu> Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.ai.mit.edu>
David Elliott <dce@smsc.sony.com> Tom Christiansen <tchrist@perl.com>
Eugene N. Miya <eugene@nas.nasa.gov>
We are also grateful to Sven Guckes <guckes@math.fu-berlin.de> and the
folks mentioned in the text of this document who have provided answers
or other information to make this a better document. I regret that it
is possible that some names have been accidently omitted. I would
also like to thank all the readers of news.software.nn.
I'd also like to thank Kim F. Storm <storm@olicom.dk> for writing nn,
Peter Wemm <peter@dialix.oz.au> for maintaining nn from ??? to 1996,
Michael T. Pins <mtpins@visi.com> for maintaining nn from 1996
to the present, and Nancy McGough <nancym@ii.com> for writing "Getting
Started With News and the nn News Reader."
------------------------------
Subject: nn-use-mh
From: Bill Wohler <wohler@newt.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
#!/bin/sh
# Obtain value of $WORK and $RECORD
. ${HOME}/.nn/.param
# Append Fcc: +folder to headers. The folder is specified in
# mail-record.
if [ "$RECORD" != "" ]; then
awk '
{
if ($0 == "" && !done) {
print "Fcc: +'$RECORD'";
done = 1;
}
print;
}' $WORK > /tmp/aux.$$ && mv /tmp/aux.$$ $WORK
fi
# Compose and send the mail
if [ "$FIRST_ACTION" = "send" ]; then
send $WORK
rm -f ,$WORK
else
# Compose and send the mail
comp -form $WORK
rm -f $WORK
fi
------------------------------
Subject: nn_elm
From: Phil Kernick <phil@ringo.ssn.flinders.edu.au>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
#!/bin/sh
#
# nn_elm
#
# 07 Aug 91 V1.0
#
# Massage a mail message from nn into a form that elm can use
# (c) 1991 Phil Kernick <phil@ringo.ssn.flinders.edu.au> Wizard Software
#
# 10 Nov 94 V1.1 Escape quotes in subject -- Dave Wolfe
eval `awk '
BEGIN {
FS = ":";
dq = sprintf("%c", 34);
bs = sprintf("%c", 92);
headers = 0;
to = "";
subject = "";
}
/^.*: / {
headers++;
if($1 == "To")
to = dq substr($0, 5) dq;
if($1 == "Subject") {
subject = substr($0, 10);
gsub(/\"/, bs dq, subject);
subject = dq subject dq;
}
}
/^$/ {
printf("tail +%d %s | elm -s %s %s > /dev/null\n", headers+2, mail, subject,
to);
exit;
}' mail=$1 $1`
exit $?
------------------------------
Subject: nnalias
From: Scott Hannahs <sth@slipknot.mit.edu>
Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1991 21:56:45 -0700
#!/bin/sh
#
# nnalias -- expands aliases from ~/.mailrc file for nn.
#
# To use, put the following in your ~/.nn/init file:
#
# set mail-alias-expander nnalias
# and put this file somewhere in your path, making it executable. I use
# set mail-alias-expander /usr/local/lib/nnalias
# but the choice is up to you.
#
# Written by Scott Hannahs, Bitter National Magnet Lab, MIT, August 1991
# Complaints, comments, ideas to sth@slipknot.mit.edu
# Tested on Silicon Graphics, IRIX 3.3.1
#
# Minor banging by <rreiner@nexus.yorku.ca> to handle alias value fields
# which contain doublequote characters, e.g.
#
# alias Foo "Foobar the Great <foo@bar.com>"
#
# (the doublequotes are stripped in the expansion), and to handle multiple
# spaces after the token "alias".
#
# Also added some error detection and signal traps; tested on SunOS 4.1.1.
#
# Exit codes: 0 -- normal termination
# 1 -- parm error
# 2 -- file does not exist
# 3 -- trap
#
# Thanks to bug reports from
# Andy Jacobs and others
#
if [ z$1 = z ]; then
myname=`basename $0`
echo "$myname: usage is $myname workfile"
exit 1
fi
if [ ! -f $1 ]; then
myname=`basename $0`
echo "$myname: $1 does not exist or is a directory"
exit 2
fi
TMP_DIR=/usr/tmp
trap "rm -f ${TMP_DIR}/nn.alias.$$ ; exit 3" 0 1 2 3 15
ALIAS_LIST=""
ADDRESS_LIST="`head -1 $1 | sed -e s/To://`"
until [ "$ALIAS_LIST" = "$ADDRESS_LIST" ] ; do
ALIAS_LIST="`echo "$ADDRESS_LIST"| sed -e 's/,/ /g' `"
ADDRESS_LIST=""
for ALIAS in $ALIAS_LIST ; do
ADDRESS=`grep '^[ ]*alias[ ][ ]*'"$ALIAS"'[ ]' ${HOME}/.mailrc |\
sed -e s/'^[ ]*alias[ ][ ]*'"$ALIAS"'[ ][ ]*'// |\
sed -e s/'"'//g`
if [ "$ADDRESS" ] ; then
ADDRESS_LIST="$ADDRESS_LIST $ADDRESS"
else
ADDRESS_LIST="$ADDRESS_LIST $ALIAS"
# for elm alias expansion use the following line instead of the previous.
# ADDRESS_LIST="$ADDRESS_LIST "`elm -c "$ALIAS" | cut -f3 -d\ `
fi
done
done
echo "To:${ADDRESS_LIST}" > ${TMP_DIR}/nn.alias.$$
tail +2 $1 >> ${TMP_DIR}/nn.alias.$$
mv -f ${TMP_DIR}/nn.alias.$$ $1
exit 0
------------------------------
Subject: nn-use-urlview
From: Sascha Geschwandtner <sam@s.netic.de>
Date: 30 Aug 2001
You can use urlview with nn. Add the following to ~/.nn/init:
map show ^U (
save-full "| urlview"
redraw
)
You have to press Ctrl-U when viewing an article then.
------------------------------
Subject: nn-use-lynx
From: Brian Exelbierd <bex@usa.net>
Date: Sun, 06 Jul 1997 14:46:04 -0400
#!/bin/sh
#
# This script implements viewing news articles through lynx, allowing lynx
# to expand all probable WWW references as it sees fit. To accomplish this
# the Message-ID is grabbed from the article (a more efficient method would
# be greatly appreciated) and lynx is told to pull the article down again
# from the server. This allows lynx to realize it is a news article and
# interpret the body as such.
#
# In laymans terms this means that with the newer versions of lynx
# http://www.whatever.com will be interepreted, even if it is not in an
# <a href>
#
# The script will accept one argument, a news server name to override the
# default set below for one invocation.
#
# Suggested usage:
#
# Add this to your init file:
# map show ^F (
# save-full "|nn-use-lynx"
# redraw
# )
#
# to override the default, just do a save to the following:
# ||nn-use-lynx server_to_use_now
#
# By Brian Exelbierd (bex@usa.net) - 7/5/97
#Set this to your default news server ...
DEFAULT_NEWS_SERVER=frito
##
IDLINE=`cat <&0 | grep Message-ID: `
ID=`echo $IDLINE | cut -f2 -d' '`
if test $1
then
lynx "news://$1/$ID" < /dev/tty
else
lynx "news://$DEFAULT_NEWS_SERVER/$ID" < /dev/tty
fi
exit
Local Variables:
mode: outline
outline-regexp: "^Subject:"
fill-prefix: " "
End:
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